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Part I Introduction 1WhatAreSoils? 3 Franc ¸ois Buscot 1 Introduction .................................................................. 3 2 Soil Genesis ................................................................... 4 2.1 RockWeathering orDecay ...................................... 4 2.2 Importance of Soil Texture...................................... 5 2.3 Input of Organic Matter into Soils and Aggregation .... 7 2.4 Migration Processes............................................... 8 3 Biogeochemical Processes in Soils . .................................... 8 3.1 Energy and Carbon................................................ 8 3.2 Nitrogen and Phosphorus ....................................... 10 4 Biotic Interactions Involving SoilMicroorganisms............... 11 4.1 CompetitionVersus Facilitation............................... 11 4.2 The Example of Mycorrhizas ................................... 12 5 IntegrativeConsiderations onFunctions ofMicroorganisms in Specific Soil Compartments .......................................... 13 5.1 Release of Transgenic Organisms as a Tool to Trace Effects of Ecological Disruptions on SoilMicroorganisms.......................................... 13 5.2 Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals as aMore ComplexDisruption ................................ 14 5.3 Understanding Complex Functional Domains in SoilHabitats...................................................... 15 6 Conclusion or Back to Biodiversity of SoilMicrobes............. 15 References ............................................................................. 16 2MicrobialDiversityinSoils 19 Bhoopander Giri, Pham Huong Giang, Rina Kumari, Ram Prasad, Ajit Varma 1 Introduction .................................................................. 19 2 Origin ofMicrobialDiversity............................................ 20 2.1 Oxygen Revolution ................................................ 21 2.2 Origin of the First Eukaryotes.................................. 22 3 Types of SoilMicroorganisms........................................... 22 3.1 Eubacteria ............................................................ 24 3.2 Archaebacteria...................................................... 29 3.3 Fungi ................................................................... 31 3.4 Algae ................................................................... 33 4 MicrobialDiversity and Biological Spheres ......................... 33 4.1 TheDetritusphere ................................................. 34 4.2 TheDrilosphere .................................................... 34 4.3 The Porosphere ..................................................... 35 4.4 The Aggregatusphere ............................................. 35 4.5 The Rhizosphere ................................................... 36 5 MicrobialDiversity and Chemical Transformation............... 37 5.1 Nitrogen Transformation........................................ 38 5.2 Phosphorus Transformation.................................... 39 5.3 Sulfur Transformation............................................ 41 5.4 Iron Transformation .............................................. 42 6 MicrobialDiversity and Biotic Interactions......................... 42 7 Conclusion .................................................................... 47 References ............................................................................. 49 Part II Microorganisms and Soil Genesis 3 RoleofMicroorganismsinWearDownofRocksandMinerals 59 Anna A. Gorbushina,W.E. Krumbein 1 RockWeathering or RockWearDown? .............................. 59 2 CarbonDioxide and RockWearDown............................... 63 3 Balance of CarbonDioxide Sources and Sinks..................... 68 4 RockWearDown as a Potential CarbonDioxide Sink........... 70 5 The FractalDimension of Biological RockWearDown......... 71 6 Calcium Carbonate and SilicateWear Down, Dissolution and Precipitation With Special Reference to Biological RockDegradation........ 74 7 Conclusions ................................................................... 79 References ............................................................................. 80 4 Humification andMineralization in Soils 85 Georg Guggenberger 1 Definitions and Introduction............................................ 85 2 SoilOrganicMatter Resources .......................................... 86 ........ µ±ÄúµÄÅóÓÑÐèÒªÌáÈ¡´ËÎļþʱֻÐè: ÄäÃûÌáÈ¡ÎļþÁ¬½Ó http://pickup.mofile.com/1954352110454475 »òµÇ¼Mofile£¬Ê¹ÓÃÌáÈ¡Âë 1954352110454475 ÌáÈ¡Îļþ [search]Soil Biology volume3: Microorganisms in Soils R ...[/search] http://pickup.mofile.com/1954352110454475 |
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