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[资源] 第三本电子书：Microorganisms in Soils Roles in Genesis and Functions

Part I Introduction
1WhatAreSoils? 3
Franc ¸ois Buscot
1 Introduction .................................................................. 3
2 Soil Genesis ................................................................... 4
2.1 RockWeathering orDecay ...................................... 4
2.2 Importance of Soil Texture...................................... 5
2.3 Input of Organic Matter into Soils and Aggregation .... 7
2.4 Migration Processes............................................... 8
3 Biogeochemical Processes in Soils . .................................... 8
3.1 Energy and Carbon................................................ 8
3.2 Nitrogen and Phosphorus ....................................... 10
4 Biotic Interactions Involving SoilMicroorganisms............... 11
4.1 CompetitionVersus Facilitation............................... 11
4.2 The Example of Mycorrhizas ................................... 12
5 IntegrativeConsiderations onFunctions ofMicroorganisms
in Speciﬁc Soil Compartments .......................................... 13
5.1 Release of Transgenic Organisms as a Tool
to Trace Effects of Ecological Disruptions
on SoilMicroorganisms.......................................... 13
5.2 Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals
as aMore ComplexDisruption ................................ 14
5.3 Understanding Complex Functional Domains
in SoilHabitats...................................................... 15
6 Conclusion or Back to Biodiversity of SoilMicrobes............. 15
References ............................................................................. 16
2MicrobialDiversityinSoils 19
Bhoopander Giri, Pham Huong Giang, Rina Kumari, Ram Prasad,
Ajit Varma
1 Introduction .................................................................. 19
2 Origin ofMicrobialDiversity............................................ 20
2.1 Oxygen Revolution ................................................ 21
2.2 Origin of the First Eukaryotes.................................. 22
3 Types of SoilMicroorganisms........................................... 22
3.1 Eubacteria ............................................................ 24
3.2 Archaebacteria...................................................... 29
3.3 Fungi ................................................................... 31
3.4 Algae ................................................................... 33
4 MicrobialDiversity and Biological Spheres ......................... 33
4.1 TheDetritusphere ................................................. 34
4.2 TheDrilosphere .................................................... 34
4.3 The Porosphere ..................................................... 35
4.4 The Aggregatusphere ............................................. 35
4.5 The Rhizosphere ................................................... 36
5 MicrobialDiversity and Chemical Transformation............... 37
5.1 Nitrogen Transformation........................................ 38
5.2 Phosphorus Transformation.................................... 39
5.3 Sulfur Transformation............................................ 41
5.4 Iron Transformation .............................................. 42
6 MicrobialDiversity and Biotic Interactions......................... 42
7 Conclusion .................................................................... 47
References ............................................................................. 49
Part II Microorganisms and Soil Genesis
3 RoleofMicroorganismsinWearDownofRocksandMinerals 59
Anna A. Gorbushina,W.E. Krumbein
1 RockWeathering or RockWearDown? .............................. 59
2 CarbonDioxide and RockWearDown............................... 63
3 Balance of CarbonDioxide Sources and Sinks..................... 68
4 RockWearDown as a Potential CarbonDioxide Sink........... 70
5 The FractalDimension of Biological RockWearDown......... 71
6 Calcium Carbonate and SilicateWear Down,
Dissolution and Precipitation
With Special Reference to Biological RockDegradation........ 74
7 Conclusions ................................................................... 79
References ............................................................................. 80
4 Humiﬁcation andMineralization in Soils 85
Georg Guggenberger
1 Deﬁnitions and Introduction............................................ 85
2 SoilOrganicMatter Resources .......................................... 86
........

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