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北京石油化工学院2026年研究生招生接收调剂公告

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1楼 2014-11-25 11:00:05

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请大家再做一下第二题

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7楼2014-11-26 08:07:23

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应该都是关于数论的题目

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2楼2014-11-25 11:25:18

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★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ...
感谢参与，应助指数 +1
wc596520206(feixiaolin代发): 金币+10 2014-11-25 20:18:22
wc596520206: 金币+50, ★★★★★最佳答案 2014-11-28 17:02:40

1. Clearly $\sum_{i=1}^{N}\frac{1}{i}\leq \prod_{p\leq N}\sum_{j=0}^{\left \lceil\log_p{N}\right \rceil}\frac{1}{p^j}$ , which is $\leq \prod_{p\leq N}\sum_{j=0}^{K}\frac{1}{p^j}=\prod_{p\leq N}\frac{1-\frac{1}{p^{K+1}}}{1-\frac{1}{p}}/latex]. <br /> <br /> Now as [latex]\lim_{x\rightarrow 0+}\frac{x}{-\ln(1-x)}=1$ , thus two positive series $\sum_{p }\frac{1}{p}$ and $\ln(\prod_{p}\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{p}})$ are either both divergent or both convergent. But the latter is divergent according to the above inequality, so both series are divergent.

3.Step (i) Let us show that if a metric space (X, d) has at least two distinct cluster points (limit point) p and q, then it has a subset which is neither open nor closed.

Take a sequence {x_n} approaching to (in a metric space, “approaching” means $d(x_n,a) \rightarrow 0$ ) p, and a sequence {y_n} approaching to q. Without loss of generality, assume $\{x_n, p, q, y_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ are all distinct points of X. Then let the set $A=\{x_{2n}, p, y_{2n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ .

If A is open, then the point p has an open neibourhood in A, which is impossible as the sequence x_{2n+1} is not in A but approaches to p. If A is closed, then A^c (A complement) is an open set. This is still impossible as y_{2n} is not in A^c but approaches to q in A^c.

Step (ii). If the space only has at most one limit point, we discuss by cases.

Case 1. No limit point. Then every point has an open neibourhood which contains only itself. Thus every single point is an open set. Because any union of open set is still open, hence arbitary subset of X is open (therefore is closed too).

Case 2. The point x is the only limit point. Then every point other than x is an open set. This means that any set which excludes x is open. If a set A contains the point x, then since A^c is open so A is closed.

Combining steps (i) and (ii), we prove the claim.

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3楼2014-11-25 14:13:46

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3楼: Originally posted by hank612 at 2014-11-25 14:13:46
1. Clearly \sum_{i=1}^{N}\frac{1}{i}\leq \prod_{p\leq N}\sum_{j=0}^{\left \lceil\log_p{N}\right \rceil}\frac{1}{p^j}, which is \leq \prod_{p\leq N}\sum_{j=0}^{K}\frac{1}{p^j}=\prod_{p\leq N}\frac{1- ...

the first part misses a [, then everything looks weird. I re-post it.

1.Clearly $\sum_{i=1}^{N}\frac{1}{i}\leq \prod_{p\leq N}\sum_{j=0}^{\left \lceil\log_p{N}\right \rceil}\frac{1}{p^j}$ , which is $\leq \prod_{p\leq N}\sum_{j=0}^{K}\frac{1}{p^j}=\prod_{p\leq N}\frac{1-\frac{1}{p^{K+1}}}{1-\frac{1}{p}}$ .

Now as $\lim_{x\rightarrow 0+}\frac{x}{-\ln(1-x)}=1$ , thus two positive series $\sum_{p}\frac{1}{p}$ and $\ln(\prod_{p}\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{p}})$ are either both divergent or both convergent. But the latter is divergent according to the above inequality, so both series are divergent.

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4楼2014-11-25 14:19:00

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hank612

[求助] 大家看看给点思路也行，只要1和3.第一个看起来不难。