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Several polymers have been used to fabricate porous scaffolds for three-dimensional cell or tissue culture to repair bone defect,including poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA). It is one of the most widely used biodegradable polymers because of its good biocompatibility and regulable degradation rate which can be readily modulated by varying the copolymer ratio of lactic to glycolic acid [1]. Several methods have been adopted to fabricate porous biodegradable PLGA scaffold, including solvent casting/ particulate leaching [2,3], phase separation [4,5], emulsion freezedrying[6], gas foaming [7,8], electrospun [9], 3-D printing [10],fiber bonding [11] and microspheres sintering [12–15]. An ideal scaffold is supposed to bear the characteristics of excellent biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, controllable biodegradability,suitable microstructure (pore size and porosity) and mechanical properties [16,17]. Poly (b-hydroxybutyrate-co-b-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) copolymers,especially PHBV with 8% HV component have drawn many attention, owing to its low cytotoxicity and cell compatibility [18].Chen et al. have studied the interactions between PHBV and human keratinocytes [19], allogeneic chondrocytes [20], glial cells [21],fibroblast and osteoblast [22], and these studies proved that PHBV can support the above cells to adhere and proliferate. In addition,PHBV matrices have been proved to support fibroblast proliferation while maintaining the structural integrity [23]. When PHBV was used as sutures, it did not bring about acute inflammation, necrosis or malignant tumor within 1 year [24,25]. |
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| 多种高分子聚物包括聚Ｌ－乳酸－聚羟基乙酸共聚物（ＰＬＧＡ）已被用来制备多孔支架，这些支架可用作三维的细胞或组织培养以修复骨缺损。由于其良好的生物相容性和可调节的降解率（通过改变乳酸和乙醇酸的共聚比调节），ＰＬＧＡ是用的最广泛的生物可降解高聚物之一。目前已多种方法来制备多孔可生物降解的ＰＬＧＡ支架，包括溶剂浇铸／粒子洗出。相分离、乳液冷冻干燥、气体发泡、电纺、３－Ｄ打印、纤维成键以及微球烧结。理想的支架应当具有优良的生物相容性、细胞相容性、可控的生物可降解性、合适的微结构（孔径和多孔性）以及机械性能等特点。羟基丁酸——羟基戊酸共聚酯（ＰＨＢＶ），特别是含有８％ＨＶ成分的ＰＨＢＶ，由于其较低的细胞毒性和细胞相容性，已广受关注。Ｃｈｅｎ等研究了ＰＨＢＶ和人角质形成细胞、同种异体软骨细胞、神经胶质细胞、纤维组织母细胞、早骨细胞等之间的相互作用，这些研究证明了ＰＨＢＶ能支撑上述细胞以附着和增殖。此外，ＰＨＢＶ基质已被证明在支撑成纤维细胞增殖的同时保持其结构完整性。当ＰＨＢＶ用作缝合时，它在一年内不会产生急性发炎、坏疽或恶性瘤。 |
2楼2014-11-21 10:17:24