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[交流] 纪念SCI诞生50周年的百大高引论文榜单

为了纪念科学引文索引（SCI）诞生五十周年，Nature委托汤森路透列出了数据库中的百大高引论文。荣登榜首的那篇文章你一定猜不到。
据介绍，这份百强名单的入围资格是引用次数超过12,119。令人意外的是，许多特别知名的论文并未入榜，比如DNA双螺旋结构的确定。而1951年发表的一种蛋白定量方法，狂揽三十多万次引用，成为了最大的赢家。该文章的作者，美国生化学家Oliver Lowry也对此感到困惑。
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Rank Title Times cited
1 Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. 305148
2 Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. 213005
3 A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. 155530
4 DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. 65335
5 Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. 60397
6 Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. 53349
7 Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density. 46702
8 Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange. 46145
9 A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. 45131
10 Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. 40289
11 Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. 38600
12 Basic local alignment search tool. 38380
13 A short history of SHELX. 37978
14 Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs. 36410
15 A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. 36132
16 Generalized gradient approximation made simple. 35405
17 """Mini-mental state"": A practical method for grading cognitive state of patients for clinician." 34532
18 A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. 32131
19 Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel-electrophoresis. 31904
20 The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. 30176
21 Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(T)(-Delta Delta C) method. 28870
22 Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. 28658
23 Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode. 28647
24 Regression models and life-tables. 28439
25 Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic-behavior. 26475
26 Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. 25735
27 Use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. 24449
28 The CLUSTAL_X Windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. 24098
29 Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. 23826
30 Reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 23642
31 Isolation of biologically-active ribonucleic-acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. 23435
32 The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. 23421
33 The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological-research — conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. 23356
34 Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. 23059
35 Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival — application to proliferation and cyto-toxicity assays. 23011
36 Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. 22899
37 The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. 22690
38 Disc electrophoresis — II. Method and application to human serum proteins. 22074
39 Inhomogeneous electron gas. 21931
40 A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. 21446
41 Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap 21373
42 A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties 19561
43 Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. 18856
44 High-resolution 2-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. 18489
45 MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. 18286
46 Fuzzy sets. 18203
47 Phase annealing in SHELX-90: direct methods for larger structures. 17728
48 Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. 17220
49 Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations. 17087
50 Study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. 17067
51 The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. 17055
52 Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches. 17025
53 A rating scale for depression. 16734
54 An inventory for measuring depression. 16264
55 A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. 16059
56 Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. 16009
57 Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via EM algorithm. 15993
58 Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines. 15902
59 Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. 15898
60 Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. 15802
61 The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. 15517
62 Estimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of preparative ultracentrifuge. 15469
63 Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. 15160
64 Multiple range and multiple F tests. 15047
65 Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. 15022
66 Tissue sulfhydryl groups. 15019
67 Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. 14934
68 The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. 14903
69 Crystallography & NMR system: a new software suite for macromolecular structure determination. 14898
70 Gaussian-basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. 1. The atoms boron through neon and hydrogen. 14617
71 PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. 14462
72 The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. 14332
73 A new look at statistical-model identification. 14275
74 Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains — nucleotide-sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors 14232
75 A comprehensive set of sequence-analysis programs for the vax. 14226
76 MODELTEST: Testing the model of DNA. 14099
77 From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. 14049
78 Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures. 13881
79 Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water. 13774
80 The development and use of quantum-mechanical molecular-models. 76. AM1: a new general-purpose quantum-mechanical molecular-model 13718
81 Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. 13523
82 MOLSCRIPT: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. 13496
83 Van der Waals volumes and radii. 13417
84 A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. 13332
85 Projector augmented-wave method. 13330
86 Optimization by simulated annealing. 13293
87 Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. 13267
88 An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. 13258
89 Efficiency of ab initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set. 13084
90 A low-cost, high-efficiency solar-cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. 12873
91 A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. 12807
92 The Protein Data Bank. 12754
93 Accurate and simple analytic representation of the electron-gas correlation-energy 12748
94 Rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. 12721
95 Improved methods for building protein models in electron-density maps and the location of errors in these models. 12649
96 Accurate spin-dependent electron liquid correlation energies for local spin-density calculations — a critical analysis. 12583
97 Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. 12391
98 Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. 12257
99 Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. 12252
100 MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models 12209
101 Atherosclerosis — an inflammatory disease.

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