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The delocalization of the positive charge reduces
the activation energy associated with desolvating the ion that
must occur prior to its uptake through the hydrophobic IMM

The positive charge is spread over a large surface
area in order to increase its ionic radius, effectively reducing the
interaction with surrounding water molecules.24 These features
allow such molecules to partition across the IMM driven by its
large negative potential dictated by the Nernst equation
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