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The XRD patterns of modified Montmorillonite (AT-Mont.) along with parent clay are shown in Fig. 1. The significant structural modi-fication of Montmorillonite was reflected in their relative intensityand location of basal spacing (d001). The parent Montmorillonite clay exhibited an intense basal peak at 2¦È= 7.06¡ã, corresponding to basal spacing of 12.5 Å. When the clay is activated with mineral acid under controlled conditions for different time periods, the intensity due to basal spacing (d001) decreases. From the XRD [Fig.2], the char-acteristic peaks at 2¦È = 44¡ã, 51.8¡ã and 76¡ã marked by their indices(111), (200) and (222) indicate the formation of Ni0in the nanoparti-cles. The TEM study [Fig. 3] also reveals the formation of well dispersedNi0-nanoparticles of size less than 10 nm on modified Montmorillonite. The supported Ni0-nanoparticles were investigated as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives i.e. condensation of benzaldehyde, dimedone, ethylacetoacetate, and ammonium acetate inthe presence of catalytic amount of Ni0-nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions at room temperature, which afforded product 4a in 95%yield [Table 1]. Such reaction occurs with a wide range of aromatic alde-hydes carrying either electron-donating or electron withdrawing sub-stituents in the ortho, meta, and para positions [Table 1]. The products were established by comparing their melting points and the spectral data for selected compounds. A possible explanation for the better yield in solvent-free conditions is that the eutectic mixture having uni-form distribution of the reactants brings the reacting species in close proximity to react than in solvent. |
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