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-        Mainly economical or rather managerial focus: This leads among others to a stronger relation to formal quantifiable performance measurement system (cf. e.g. EICHENBERGER 1992; for communal self-administration cf. e.g. LANGTHALER 2002). Thereby, the danger to neglect cause and effect coherences, esp. its structure of interdependencies, increases which will eventually lead to incorrect judgements on the effects of the interventions applied.  (also critical e.g. WITTHAUS 2000, 156ff.)
-        main focus on educational science, esp. in occupational training and qualification as well as in adult education: Here, the questions of models of organisation and functional cycles of further education ¨C including the hitherto rather partial evaluation ¨C are in the foreground (cf. e.g. die critical summary of vocational education research in adult education in TIPPELT & HOH 2001, esp. 163ff.). Though, the issue of economic calculus of educational efforts is broached, it is   yet seldom differentiated sufficiently (critical cf. also EBBINGHAUS 2000).
Depending on the focus chosen, the bonding of the particular concepts and models on the use of language as well as on the different approaches of the related sciences  with regard to occupational education and qualification is clearly visible. Nonetheless, there exist overlapping and attempts to systemize term-wise and to find definitions which are meant to connect these two orientations. Yet, despite attempts of multidisciplinary approaches, in educational controlling does still not exist a sufficient interdisciplinary cooperation with regard to modelling and empirical inspection (critical cf. also SEEBER 2000, VAN BUER & SEEBER 2002).
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