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ÃÀ¹úº£ÑóºÍ´óÆø¹ÜÀí¾Ö±¨¸æ£º25 Years After the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Twenty-Five Years After the Exxon ValdezOil Spill: NOAA¡¯s Scientific Support, Monitoring, and Research
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Contents
The Accident ................................................................................................................................................................1
The Response ...............................................................................................................................................................3
The Toll .........................................................................................................................................................................7
NOAA¡¯s Role in Spill Response ................................................................................................................................10
NOAA Scientific Support During the Exxon Valdez ............................................................................................12
Winter Studies .................................................................................................................................................13
Net Environmental Benefits Analysis: Rock Washing Technology Evaluation .....................................14
Long-Term Intertidal Monitoring: Biology ................................................................................................17
Long-Term Intertidal Monitoring: Chemistry ..........................................................................................23
Long-Term Intertidal Monitoring: Geomorphology ................................................................................27
NOAA Experimental Studies 1999-2013 ...............................................................................................................33
Mearns Rock and Landscape-Scale Photo Monitoring .............................................................................33
Lower Herring Bay Gravel Beach Study, 2000-2012 ..................................................................................43
Littleneck Clam Studies, 1991-2007 .............................................................................................................49
The ¡°So What?¡± Question .........................................................................................................................................52
A Postscript: The Twisted Fate of the Ship ............................................................................................................56
Some Final Words of Thanks ...................................................................................................................................59
Publications & Presentations Resulting from NOAA Monitoring & Research ................................................60
Peer-Reviewed Literature ..............................................................................................................................60
NOAA Technical Memoranda and Other Agency Reports ......................................................................61
Conferences/Conference Proceedings/Posters ...........................................................................................63
Books/Magazines ............................................................................................................................................66
Project Participants, 1990-2014 ...............................................................................................................................67![ÃÀ¹úº£ÑóºÍ´óÆø¹ÜÀí¾Ö±¨¸æ£º25 Years After the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill]()
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