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求大神翻译，字篇多！！！
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Recently, a substitute and recycle energy is an imperative issue all over the world. Nuclear energy becomes a highlight again because of its high and stable electric output. However, nuclear energy has been suspended in the past decade because it was filled with fear and anxiety due to nuclear accidents and safety treatments or disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Global warming effect caused by CO2 compels us to face the problem of consuming fossil fuels, including petroleum, coal, and gas during the past several decades. There are three operating nuclear power plants in Taiwan and one is under construction and is expected to be put into operation in 2010. For long-term performance assessment of radioactive waste repositories, it is necessary to deal with their problems today because of its long half-life and to hinder the possible transport of radionuclides into the environment. The deep geological disposal is the best way to solve the recent problem in the world and Taiwan Power Company (TPC) proposed a long-term disposal project for the high level waste (HLW) several years ago. In addition, the multi-barrier concept was adapted to overcome the disposal difficulties of HLW into geological formations. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the migration of radionuclides in the host rocks (i.e., granite). Some relating results have been presented in the literature1,2 for assessing the long-term performance of radioactive waste repositories. The batch tests are the most popular and convenient method in the laboratory, for the estimation of the retardation of radionuclides in geological environment. However, the applicability of batch tests has been discussed and criticized as the advancement of technology has relaxed the aforementioned limitations.3,4 It was recognized that the distribution coefficients (Kd) of batch techniques are too simple to represent the reaction system of interest in many cases. However, it was found that the diffusion techniques that are frequently used, gives more accurate information about the radionuclides in deep geology.5,6 Some literatures7–9 have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Kd and Rf obtained by the two methods. Generally, all experimental results showed that the Kd values derived from the diffusion tests are more accurate to evaluate the transport of radionuclides in compacted media than those obtained from batch experiments. However, most Kd values are acquired by the batch method because of its simplicity and convenience in the experiment. This paper is an extension of our previous papers, where the sorption of individual and coupling Cs and Se in crushed mudrock was studied. The experimental results10,11 showed that the Kd value of Se is higher than that of Cs derived from the batch method. The sorption of Cs is different from that of Se as the results of individual and coupling Cs and Se experiments show because the sorption mechanisms are different. In this study, through-diffusion columns were adopted and analyzed by compacted mudrocks. In addition, CRANK12 stated that the steady state of diffusion is achieved when the dimensionless parameter: （公式不用翻译）is larger than 0.45. According to the accumulated breakthrough curves,12 the apparent and effective diffusion coeffiecients (Da and De) could be calculated by the slope and intercept of the breakthrough curve.12 Besides, a non-reactive radionuclide, HTO, was initially used in the diffusion experiments for assessing the ability of radionuclide retardation. It was more suitable to compare the retardation factor obtained from a nonreactive radiotracer (HTO) than from CRANK’s method for evaluating the retardation of radionuclides. Therefore, HTO was used before cesium in throughdiffusion tests in order to obtain the distribution coefficients (Kd) and retardation factor (Rf) of Cs and Se. Synthetic groundwater (GW) was used in this work to reflect the extreme situation that the highly reducing groundwater might intrude into the repositories underground 400 m. The results of both experiments are compared and discussed in this study. |
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Luse_91
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RXMCDM: 金币+1, 多谢应助！ 2014-06-21 17:14:02
k86475586: 金币+8, ★有帮助 2014-06-21 18:26:12
RXMCDM: 金币+1, 多谢应助！ 2014-06-21 17:14:02
k86475586: 金币+8, ★有帮助 2014-06-21 18:26:12
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近来，寻找一个替代品和可再生的能源是全世界必须着重考虑的问题。核能再次成为重头戏，因为它的告高能和稳定的电输出。然而，在过去十年核能被暂缓因为它是令人恐惧和焦虑的，由于核事故和安全处理或是高水平的放射废弃物的处理。 温室效应强迫我们去面临化石燃料的消耗问题，包括石油、煤和煤气在过去的几十年。 在台湾有三个正在运作的核电站，一个在建设中一个预计2010年投入使用。 对于长期的核废弃物仓库的性能评估，现今处理他们的问题是非常的必要因为它很长的半衰期并且组织放射性同位素释放倒环境中。 深地层处理是现今世界上解决这个问题最好的方法，并且几年前台湾电力公司针对高放射废弃物提议了一个长期的处理项目。 另外，多重障碍的概念是被用于克服了HLW进入地质层组的难题。 因此，研究放射性同位素在主岩中的转移是非常必要。 翻译不下去了，这么长，金币又是那么点儿！ |
2楼2014-06-21 15:22:39