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[求助] 求教:关于铁磁态计算,一些专业术语……

文献:doi: 10.1063/1.2905215,最后面有关于掺杂B及N的石墨烯纳米带铁磁态讨论,结构如下图:
求教:关于铁磁态计算,一些专业术语……
其中有一段:
There have been reports that boron or nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes may be ferromagnetic. It is of interest to investigate whether boron and nitrogen doped graphene nanoribbons could also be ferromagnetic. An essential requirement for ferromagnetism is that the system be paramagnetic. Table I includes the results of the calculation of the energy of the lowest singlet states s=0 and the triplet state s=1 of the optimized structures of zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons doped with nitrogen and boron. It is seen that the armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbons doped with both boron and nitrogen have triplet ground states, except for the boron doped zigzag ribbon.
然后给出一个表来讨论铁磁态的存在:
求教:关于铁磁态计算,一些专业术语……-1

问题是:
1. An essential requirement for ferromagnetism is that the system be paramagnetic.
这句话是什么意思?铁磁态的一个重要要求是系统是顺磁的?
2. the lowest singlet states s=0 and the triplet state s=1
这是什么东西???
3. 这里的铁磁计算是如何实现的?
这个是最大的疑问,因为所有的C的初始磁矩都是0,怎么实现铁磁计算?以N掺杂为例,设置两个掺杂的N原子自旋旋向相反???就是反铁磁计算了?铁磁计算就是设置成一样的???那么表里的E0和E1分别是怎么设置的呢?

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