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2.1. Preparation of orange juice
        Oranges (Citrus sinensis L.) of the Navel variety (Spain) were purchased from a local supermarket. The orange juice was obtained, after suitable washing and hygienization of the fruits, by using a squeezer (FMC juice extractor with a 2-mm-diameter perforated plate), and it was then filtered with a 0.23-mm-pore-diameter filter. The juice was packaged aseptically and stored in refrigeration at 2 ¡ãC and 10 ¡ãC until analysis.
2.2. HIPEF treatment system
        Sample treatments were carried out in continuous HIPEF treatment system designed by the University of Ohio and located in the Instituto de Agroquı¡ämica y Tecnologı¡äa de Alimentos (CSIC) in Valencia. The system consisted of four treatment chambers with a diameter of 0.23 cm and an electrode gap of 0.293 cm connected in series and two cooling coils connected before and after each pair of chambers, immersed in a refrigerated bath in order to keep the temperature within the designated range (25¡ãC). The flow was set at 60 ml/min and controlled by a flow pump (Cole-Parmer 75210-25, Cole-Parmer Instruments, IL). The temperature, wave form, voltage, and intensity in the treatment chambers were fed into a digital oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS 210, Tektronix, OR, USA). Treatment time was 100 ls and the electric field was set at 30 kV/cm. The temperature reached in the treatment chambers during treatment of orange juice does not exceed 49¡ãC. These treatment conditions were selected on the basis of the results on carotenoid concentration, color, vitamin C, enzymes and microorganisms, obtained when the orange juice was treated using different fields (25, 30, 35, and 40 kV/cm) and different times (30¨C340 ls) .Samples were collected and packaged aseptically after HIPEF treatment and stored in refrigeration at 2¡ãC and 10¡ãC.

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