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[×ÊÔ´] Nature Nano×ÛÊö£ºSilicon nanostructures for photonics and photovoltaics

×îÐÂÒ»ÆÚNature Nanotechnology³öÁËÄÉÃ×¹èÓйعâµç£¬¹â·üµÄ×ÛÊö£ºSilicon nanostructures for photonics and photovoltaics¡£¹èÒ»Ö±Êǵç×ÓÆ÷¼þ¹¤ÒµµÄÖ÷Òª²ÄÁÏ£¬µ«ÊÇthe limited degrees of freedom in material design combined with the indirect bandgapÊÇÏÞÖÆ¹èÔÚ¹âµç¹â·üÓ¦ÓõÄÖ÷Ҫƿ¾±¡£½èÖúÄÉÃ׿ÆÑ§£¬ÄÉÃ×¹è¿ÉÒÔÍ»ÆÆÕâһƿ¾±£¬²¢ÇÒһЩºÏ³É·½·¨ºÏ³ÉµÄÄÉÃ×¹èÐÔÄÜÒѾ­³¬¹ýһЩ²ÄÁÏ¡£we review recent progress in silicon nanocrystals, nanowires and photonic crystals as key examples of functional nanostructures. We assess the state of the art in each field and highlight the challenges that need to be overcome to make silicon a truly high-performing photonic material. È«ÎÄ14Ò³£¬ÒýÎÄ174ƪ¡£

Silicon, as a monoatomic crystal, offers only very limited degrees of freedom for manipulating its optoelectronic properties. It is therefore  impressive  how  many  methods,  mainly  based  on  nanoscale engineering, have been developed to extend its capabilities. These methods either manipulate silicon¡¯s intrinsic electronic properties using quantum size and surface effects or they add photonic functionality through wavelength-scale nanostructures such as photonic crystals. We have provided an overview of the most promising of these methods and have outlined the outstanding challenges.
Silicon nanocrystals, without doubt, have been one of the most important  developments  in  the  field,  as  they  offer  strong  carrier confinement and modification of the energy levels through quantization, as well as the ability to use their surface as a further design parameter. This has now led to the truly remarkable observation of photoluminescence levels from these nanocrystals that are comparable to those of direct-bandgap quantum dots. Electroluminescence remains a challenge, however, because the dielectric matrix (typically SiO 2 ) makes it difficult to inject and extract carriers. Silicon nanowires offer an interesting alternative, as they combine strong confinement with a readily available conduction path. Such nanowires are still in their early stages of development, however, with the main challenge being the development of a reliable and impurity-free growth method. Once this has been achieved, we can look forward to silicon nanostructures combining quantum-dot-like optical properties and with electrical conduction that may ultimately rival III¨CV materials.Nature Nano×ÛÊö£ºSilicon nanostructures for photonics and photovoltaics
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  • 2014-01-09 15:17:05, 2.58 M

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