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[资源] 黑格巨作：本体异质结太阳能电池: Understanding the Mechanism of Operation

先进材料25周年纪念篇、、国际有机太阳能大师，2000年诺贝尔奖得主黑格（Alan J. Heeger）巨作（25th Anniversary Article: Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells:
Understanding the Mechanism of Operation），介绍本体异质结太阳能电池基本机制。讲解一些有关有机太阳电池的基本知识，对于初学者很有帮助！
The status of understanding of the operation of bulk heterojunction (BHJ)
solar cells is reviewed. Because the carrier photoexcitation recombination
lengths are typically 10 nm in these disordered materials, the length scale for
self-assembly must be of order 10–20 nm. Experiments have verifi ed the existence of the BHJ nanostructure, but the morphology remains complex and
a limiting factor. Three steps are required for generation of electrical power:
i) absorption of photons from the sun; ii) photoinduced charge separation
and the generation of mobile carriers; iii) collection of electrons and holes at
opposite electrodes. The ultrafast charge transfer process arises from fundamental quantum uncertainty; mobile carriers are directly generated (electrons
in the acceptor domains and holes in the donor domains) by the ultrafast
charge transfer (≈70%) with ≈30% generated by exciton diffusion to a charge
separating heterojunction. Sweep-out of the mobile carriers by the internal
field prior to recombination is essential for high performance. Bimolecular
recombination dominates in materials where the donor and acceptor phases
are pure. Impurities degrade performance by introducing Shockly–Read–Hall
decay. The review concludes with a summary of the problems to be solved to
achieve the predicted power conversion effi ciencies of >20% for a single cell.

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