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20130809Science最新材料综述Sequence-Controlled Polymers 已有7人参与
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Sequence-Controlled Polymers Jean-François Lutz,* Makoto Ouchi, David R. Liu, Mitsuo Sawamoto Background: During the last few decades, progress has been made in manipulating the architecture of synthetic polymer materials. However, the primary structure—that is, the sequential arrangement of monomer units in a polymer chain—is generally poorly controlled in synthetic macromolecules. Common synthetic polymers are usually homopolymers, made of the same monomer unit, or copolymers with simple chain microstructures, such as random or block copolymers. These polymers are used in many areas but do not have the structural and functional complexity of sequence-defi ned biopolymers, such as nucleic acids or proteins. Indeed, monomer sequence regulation plays a key role in biology and is a prerequisite for crucial features of life, such as heredity, self-replication, complex self-assembly, and molecular recognition. In this context, developing synthetic polymers containing controlled monomer sequences is an important area for research. Advances: Various synthetic methods for controlling monomer sequences in polymers have been identifi ed, and two major trends in the fi eld of sequence-controlled polymers have emerged. Some approaches use biological concepts that have been optimized by nature for sequence regulation. For instance, DNA templates, enzymes, or even living organisms can be used to prepare sequencedefi ned polymers. These natural mechanisms can be adapted to tolerate nonnatural monomers. The other trend is the preparation of sequence-controlled polymers by synthetic chemistry. In the most popular approach, monomer units are attached one by one to a support, which is an effi cient method but demanding in practice. Recently, some strategies have been proposed for controlling sequences in chain-growth and step-growth polymerizations. These mechanisms usually allow fast and largescale synthesis of polymers. Specifi c kinetics and particular catalytic or template conditions allow sequence regulation in these processes.  无标题.png |
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2013-08-10 16:06:37, 1.25 M
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