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快讯 诺贝尔化学奖揭晓
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" Gerhard Ertl Germany Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Berlin, Germany b. 1936 |
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cosmicking
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Press Release 10 October 2007 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2007 to Gerhard Ertl Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces". Modern surface chemistry – fuel cells, artificial fertilizers and clean exhaust The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2007 is awarded for groundbreaking studies in surface chemistry. This science is important for the chemical industry and can help us to understand such varied processes as why iron rusts, how fuel cells function and how the catalysts in our cars work. Chemical reactions on catalytic surfaces play a vital role in many industrial operations, such as the production of artificial fertilizers. Surface chemistry can even explain the destruction of the ozone layer, as vital steps in the reaction actually take place on the surfaces of small crystals of ice in the stratosphere. The semiconductor industry is yet another area that depends on knowledge of surface chemistry. It was thanks to processes developed in the semiconductor industry that the modern science of surface chemistry began to emerge in the 1960s. Gerhard Ertl was one of the first to see the potential of these new techniques. Step by step he has created a methodology for surface chemistry by demonstrating how different experimental procedures can be used to provide a complete picture of a surface reaction. This science requires advanced high-vacuum experimental equipment as the aim is to observe how individual layers of atoms and molecules behave on the extremely pure surface of a metal, for instance. It must therefore be possible to determine exactly which element is admitted to the system. Contamination could jeopardize all the measurements. Acquiring a complete picture of the reaction requires great precision and a combination of many different experimental techniques. Gerhard Ertl has founded an experimental school of thought by showing how reliable results can be attained in this difficult area of research. His insights have provided the scientific basis of modern surface chemistry: his method-ology is used in both academic research and the indust-rial development of chemical processes. The approach developed by Ertl is based not least on his studies of the Haber-Bosch process, in which nitrogen is extracted from the air for inclusion in artificial fertilizers. This reaction, which functions using an iron surface as its catalyst, has enormous economic significance because the availability of nitrogen for growing plants is often restricted. Ertl has also studied the oxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum, a reaction that takes place in the catalyst of cars to clean exhaust emissions. Read more about this year's prize Information for the Public Scientific Background In order to read the text you need Acrobat Reader. Links and Further Reading Gerhard Ertl, German citizen. Born 1936 in Bad Cannstadt, Germany. Ph.D. in physical chemistry 1965, from Technische Universität München, Germany. Professor Emeritus at Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/pc/PCarchive2.html The Prize amount: SEK 10 million. |
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文章
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2007 673. B. Pettinger, K.F. Domke, D. Zhang, R. Schuster, and G. Ertl: Direct monitoring of plasmon resonances in a tip-surface gap of varying width. Phys. Rev. B 76, 113409 (2007). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.113409]. 672. S. Hong, T.S. Rahman, K. Jacobi, and G. Ertl: Interaction of NO with RuO2(110) surface: A First Principles Study. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 12361-12368 (2007). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1021/jp072063a]. 671. J. Lee, J. Christoph, T.-G. Noh, M. Eiswirth, G. Ertl: Edge effects in an electrochemical reaction: HCOOH oxidation on a Pt ribbon. J. Chem. Phys. 126, 144702 (2007). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1063/1.2717163]. return to top 2006 670. K. Jacobi, Y. Wang and G. Ertl: Reply to “Comment on ‘Interaction of hydrogen with RuO2(110) surfaces: Activity differences between various oxygen species’ ”. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 22948-22949 (2006). [Fulltext; DOI: 10.1021/jp064357m]. 669. C. Beta, A.S. Mikhailov, H.H. Rotermund and G. Ertl: Defect-mediated turbulence in a catalytic surface reaction. Europhys. Lett. 75, 868-874 (2006). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1209/epl/i2006-10215-5]. 668. K. Jacobi, Y. Wang and G. Ertl: Interaction of hydrogen with RuO2(110) surfaces: Activity differences between various oxygen species. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 6115-6122 (2006). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1021/jp056341m]. 667. A.L.N. Pinheiro, M.S. Zei, M.F. Luo and G. Ertl: The epitaxial growth of Pd electrodeposition on Au(100) studied by LEED and RHEED. Surf. Sci. 600, 641-650 (2006). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2005.10.057]. 666. A. Hornung, D. Zemlyanov, M. Muhler and G. Ertl: The catalytic reduction of NO by H2 on Ru(0001): Observation of NHads species. Surf. Sci. 600, 370-379 (2006). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2005.10.037]. 665. J. Starke, J., C. Reichert, M. Eiswirth, H.H. Rotermund and G. Ertl: Fluctuation-induced pattern formation in surface reaction. Europhys. Lett. 73, 820-825 (2006). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1209/epl/i2005-10492-4]. return to top 2005 664. S.H. Kim, J. Méndez, J. Wintterlin and G. Ertl: Enhanced reactivity of adsorbed oxygen on Pd(111) induced by compression of the oxygen layer. Phys. Rev. B 72, 155414 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.155414]. 663. B. Pettinger, B. Ren, G. Picardi, R. Schuster, and G. Ertl: Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) of malachite green isothiocyanate at Au(111): bleaching behavior under the influence of high electromagnetic fields. J. Raman Spectrosc. 36, 541-550 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1002/jrs.1332]. 662. U. Erlekam, U.A. Paulus, Y. Wang, H.P. Bonzel, K. Jacobi and G. Ertl: Adsorption of methane and ethane on RuO2(110) surfaces. Z. Phys. Chem. 219, 891-903(2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1524/zpch.219.7.891.67086]. 661. G. Ertl: Activation of diatomic molecules at solid surfaces. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 363, 955-958 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1530]. 660. Blanco, J.M., C. González, P. Jelínek, J. Ortega, F. Flores, R. Pérez, M. Rose, M. Salmeron, J. Méndez, J. Wintterlin, and G. Ertl: Origin of contrast in STM images of oxygen on Pd(111) and its dependence on tip structure and tunneling parameters. Phys. Rev. B 71, 113402 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.113402]. 659. T. Lei, M.S. Zei, M.S., and G. Ertl: Electrocatalytic oxidation of CO on Pt-modified Ru(0001) electrodes. Surf. Sci. 581, 142-154 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2005.02.037]. 658. Y. Wang, K. Jacobi, W.-D. Schöne, and G. Ertl: Catalytic oxidation of ammonia on RuO2(110) surfaces: Mechanism and selectivity. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 7883-7893 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1021/jp045735v]. 657. A.L.N. Pinheiro, M-S. Zei and G. Ertl: Electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol on bare and Pt-modified Ru electrodes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 1300-1309 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1039/b411467a]. 656. J. Méndez, S.H. Kim, J. Cerdá, J. Wintterlin, and G. Ertl: Coadsorption phases of CO and oxygen on Pd(111) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 71, 085409 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.085409]. 655. U.A. Paulus, Y. Wang, H.P. Bonzel, K. Jacobi and G. Ertl: Adsorption and interaction of ethylene on RuO2(110)surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 2139-2148 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1021/jp049080+]. 654. appeared in 2004, see there. 653. B. Ren, G. Picardi, B. Pettinger, R. Schuster and G. Ertl: Spitzen-verstärkte Raman-Spektroskopie von Benzolthiol, adsorbiert an Au- und Pt-Einkristall-Oberflächen. Angew. Chem. 117, 141-144 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460656]. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of benzenethiol adsorbed on Au and Pt single-crystal surfaces. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 139-142 (2005). [Abstract; DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460656]. — G. Ertl (guest ed.). Z. Phys. Chem. 219, issue 7 (2005), Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Helmut Knözinger on the occasion of his 70th birthday. [Issue contents; Preface DOI: 10.1524/zpch.219.7.875.67091]. |
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