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һƪ²»´íµÄÎÄÏ××ÛÊö¹þ ¹ØÓÚôÊ»ù»¯´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÓйØÎÊÌâ×ÛÊöµÄºÜÈ«ÃæÓÐ½è¼øÒâÒå¹þ Progress in hydroformylation and carbonylation Abstract The last 15 years of hydroformylation and carbonylation chemistry are reviewed, including technical and commercial aspects. Keywords: Carbonylation; Hydroformylation; Homogeneous catalysis; Organometallic complexes 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2. Hydroformylation .......................................................................................................................... 2.1. Catalysts ............................................................................................................................... 2.l.l.Variationofthecentralatom .................................................................................................. 2.1.1.1. Monometallic catalysts ............................................................................................... 2.1.1.2. ¡°Poly¡±metallic catalysts ............................................................................................. 2.1.2. Variation of the ligand ......................................................................................................... 2.1.2.1. Basic principles ....................................................................................................... 2.1.2.2. Phosphites ............................................................................................................ 2.1.2.3. Phosphines ............................................................................................................ 2.1.2.4. Water-soluble phosphines ............................................................................................ 2.1.2.5. Deactivation mechanism of rhodium-phosphine catalysts ........................................................... 2.1.3. Variation of the application phase ............................................................................................. 2.1.3.1. General ............................................................................................................... 2.1.3.2. Aqueous catalysts ..................................................................................................... 2.1.3.3. Other biphasic catalysts .............................................................................................. 2.1.3.3.1. Non-aqueous systems ...................................................................................... 2.1.3.3.2. Anchoredcatalysts ........................................................................................ 2.1.3.3.2.1. Polymer-supported catalysts .................................................................. 2.1.3.3.2.2. SLPC ......................................................................................... 2.1.3.3.2.3. SAPC ......................................................................................... 2.2.Specialapplicationsofhydroformylation ............................................................................................. 2.2.1. Special olefins .................................................................................................................. 2.2.2. Asymmetric hydroformylation ................................................................................................. 2.3.Specialvariantsofhydroformylation ................................................................................................. 2.3.1. Aminomethylation ............................................................................................................. 2.3.2. Homologation of carboxylic acids ............................................................................................. 2.3.3. Miscellaneous reactions ........................................................................................................ 2.4. Technical developments in hydroformylation ........................................................................................ 2.4.1. General remarks ................................................................................................................ 2.4.2. Today¡¯s 0x0 processes ......................................................................................................... 2.4.2.1. UCC process .......................................................................................................... 2.4.2.2. Ruhrchemie/Rhne Poulenc (RCH/RP) process ..................................................................... 2.4.2.3. BASF process ......................................................................................................... 2.4.2.4. Exxon process ........................................................................................................ 2.4.2.5. Other processes ....................................................................................................... 2.4.3. Special developments .......................................................................................................... 2.4.4. Future aspects .................................................................................................................. 3. Carbonylation ............................................................................................................................... 3.1. New developments .................................................................................................................... 3.1.1. Carbonylation of olefins ...... ............................................................................................... 3.1.1.1. Hydrocarboxylations and related reactions ........................................................................... 3.1.1.2. Oligomerizations and polymerizations with CO ..................................................................... 3.1.1.3. Oxidative carbonylations ............................................................................................. 3.1.2. Carbonylation of alkynes ........... .......................................................................................... 3.1.2.1. Hydrocarboxylations and related reactions ........................................................................... 3.1.2.2. Others ................................................................................................................. 3.1.3. Carbonylation of CX-compounds .............................................................................................. 3.1.3.1.Reactionsofat-y1-andvinyl-X ....................................................................................... 3.1.3.2. Reactions of alkyl-X .................................................................................................. 3.1.3.3. Reactionsofbenzyl-andallyl-X ..................................................................................... 3.1.4. Carbonylation of aldehydes .................................................................................................... 3.1.5. Amidocarbonylation ........................................................................................................... 3.1.6. Carbonylation of nitrogen derivatives ......................................................................................... 3.1.7. Other carbonylations ........................................................................................................... 3.2. Technical developments ............................................................................................................... 4. Outlook .................................................................................................................................... References .................................................................................................................................... [ Last edited by nxl5096224 on 2007-10-5 at 11:45 ] |
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