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分享——纳米电子学：纳米线、分子电子学与纳米器件（英文版）
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Krzysztof Iniewski, “Nanoelectronics: Nanowires, Molecular Electronics, and Nanodevices” Mc Graw | English | 2010 | ISBN: 0071664483 | 560 pages | PDF | 7,2 MB The latest advances in nanoelectronics This definitive volume addresses the state of the art in nanoelectronics, covering nanowires, molecular electronics, and nanodevices. Written by global experts in the field, Nanoelectronics discusses cutting-edge techniques and emerging materials, such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. This pioneering work offers a comprehensive survey of nanofabrication options for use in next-generation technologies. Nanoelectronics covers: * Electrical properties of metallic nanowires * Electromigration defect nucleation in damascene copper interconnect lines * Carbon nanotube interconnects in CMOS integrated circuits * Printed organic electronics * One-dimensional nanostructure-enabled chemical sensing * Cross-section fabrication and analysis of nanoscale device structures and complex organic electronics * Microfabrication and applications of nanoparticle-doped conductive polymers * Single-electron conductivity in organic nanostructures for transistors and memories * Synthesis of molecular bioelectronic nanostructures * Nanostructured electrode materials for advanced Li-ion batteries * Quantum-dot devices based on carbon nanotubes * Carbon nanotubes as electromechanical actuators * Low-level nanoscale electrical measurements and ESD * Nanopackaging Contents List of Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Part I Nanowires 1 Electrical Properties of Metallic Nanowires for Nanoelectronic Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Carmen M. Lilley and Qiaojian Huang 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Electrical Resistivity of Metallic Nanowires . . . . 7 1.3 Failure Properties of Metallic Nanowires . . . . . 16 1.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2 Texture and Microstructure Dependence of Electromigration Defect Nucleation in Damascene Cu Interconnect Lines Studied In Situ by EBSD . . . . . 29 Kabir Mirpuri, Jerzy Szpunar, and Horst Wendrock 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.2 Electromigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.3 Texture in Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.4 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.5 Case 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.6 Case 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.7 Case 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.8 Failure Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3 Carbon Nanotube Interconnects in CMOS Integrated Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Gael Close 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.2 Trends in Interconnect Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.3 Carbon Nanotube Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3.4 CMOS Platform for Benchmarking Carbon Nanotube Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 3.5 On-Chip Performance Analysis of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3.6 Conclusion and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4 Progresses and Challenges of Nanowire Integrated Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Zhiyong Fan, Johnny C. Ho, and Ali Javey 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4.2 Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Nanowires . . . . 94 4.3 Characterization of Nanowires . . . . . . . . . . . 97 4.4 Nanowire Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4.5 Printable Nanowire Arrays for Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 4.6 Conclusion and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Part II Molecular Electronics 5 Printed Organic Electronics: From Materials to Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Manuela La Rosa, Nunzia Malagnino, Alessandro Marcellino, Donata Nicolosi, Luigi Occhipinti, Fabrizio Porro, Giovanni Sicurella, Raffaele Vecchione, Luigi Fortuna, Mattia Frasca, and Elena Umana 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 5.2 Materials for Organic Electronics . . . . . . . . . . 133 5.3 Stamp-Based Fabrication Processes . . . . . . . . . 136 5.4 Organic Thin-Film Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 5.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 6 One-Dimensional Nanostructure-Enabled Chemical Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Aihua Liu 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 6.2 Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanowire-Based Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 6.3 Metal Oxide Nanotube-Based Sensing . . . . . . . 176 6.4 Polymer-Based Nanowires or Nanotubes for Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 6.5 Metal Nanowire-Based Biosensing . . . . . . . . . 190 6.6 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 6.7 Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 7 Cross-Section Fabrication and Analysis of Nanoscale Device Structures and Complex Organic Electronics 203 David W. Steuerman and Erich C. Walter 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 7.2 Device Cross-Section Fabrication and Imaging Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 7.3 Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 7.4 Future Opportunities and Conclusions . . . . . . 222 8 Microfabrication and Applications of Nanoparticle-Doped Conductive Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Bonnie L. Gray and Ajit Khosla 8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 8.2 Fill Factor and Percolation Threshold . . . . . . . 229 8.3 Nanoparticle Shapes and Materials . . . . . . . . . 231 8.4 Conductive Nanocomposite Polymers for Microsystems: Preparation and Micropatterning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 8.5 Applications of Conductive Nanocomposite Polymers in Microsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 8.6 Summary and Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . 256 9 Single-Electron Conductivity in Organic Nanostructures for Transistors and Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Sandro Carrara 9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 9.2 Transistors Working at 4 K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 9.3 Room-Temperature Inorganic Transistors . . . . . 268 9.4 Room-Temperature Organic Transistors . . . . . . 272 9.5 Room-Temperature Memories with Organic SETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 9.6 The Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 9.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 10 Recent Developments toward the Synthesis of Supramolecular Bioelectronic Nanostructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 John D. Tovar, Stephen R. Diegelmann, and Brian D. Wall 10.1 “Supramolecular Synthons” Used to Construct Self-Assembled Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 10.2 One-Dimensional Supramolecular Assemblies of Pi-Electron Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 10.3 Electrically Conductive Polymers as Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 10.4 Peptide-Oligothiophene Conjugates for Bionanostructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 10.5 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Part III Nanodevices 11 New Developments in Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Advanced Li-Ion Batteries . . . . . . . . 321 Ying Wang, Chuan Cai, and Dongsheng Guan 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 11.2 Nanostructured Cathode Materials . . . . . . . . 323 11.3 Nanostructured Anode Materials . . . . . . . . . 338 11.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 12 Quantum-Dot Devices Based on Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Ali Kashefian Naieni and Alireza Nojeh 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 12.2 Theory of Single-Electron Devices . . . . . . . . . 362 12.3 Fabrication of Quantum-Dot Devices Based on Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 12.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 13 Individual Carbon Nanotubes as Electromechanical Actuators: Simulations and Initial Experiments . . . 395 Tissaphern Mirfakhrai and John D. W. Madden 13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 13.2 Theoretical and Simulation Work . . . . . . . . . 401 13.3 Experimental Studies on Actuation in Individual Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . 416 13.4 Conclusions and Future Directions . . . . . . . . 422 14 Low-Level Electrical Measurements at the Nanoscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Jonathan Tucker 14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 14.2 Nanotechnology Testing Overview . . . . . . . . 428 14.3 Low-Level Measurement Techniques for Nanoscale Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 14.4 Electronic Transport Characteristics of Gallium Nitride Nanowire-Based Nanocircuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 14.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 15 Nano ESD: Electrostatic Discharge in the Nanoelectronic Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 Steven H. Voldman 15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 15.2 Photomasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 15.3 Magnetic Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 15.4 MEMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 15.5 Transistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 15.6 Silicon Nanowires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 15.7 Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 15.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 16 Nanopackaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 James E. Morris 16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 16.2 Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 16.3 Carbon Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 16.4 Health and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 16.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525  Mc Graw | English | 2010 | ISBN: 0071664483 | 560 pages | PDF | 7,2 MB |
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