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[资源] Pitfalls and Errors of HPLC in Pictures, Third Edition

Pitfalls and Sources of Error
Dr. Veronika R. Meyer
Published Online: 6 FEB 2013
DOI: 10.1002/9783527659104.part2
Copyright © 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Keywords:
sources of error;mobile phase;inadequate purity;incomplete degassing;peaks;quantitative analysis;chemical reaction within the column;flow rate;run time;detection properties
Summary
This part contains sections titled:

Mixing of the Mobile Phase
Mobile Phase pH
Adjustment of Mobile Phase pH
Influence of the Acid Type and Concentration in the Eluent
Water as an Unintentional Additive in the Mobile Phase
Inadequate Purity of Mobile Phase Water
Inadequate Purity of a Mobile Phase Solvent
Inadequate Purity of a Mobile Phase Reagent
Incomplete Degassing
System Peaks and Quantitative Analysis
Sample Preparation with Solid Phase Extraction
Inadequate Stabilization of the Extraction Solvent
Poor Choice of Sample Solvent: Peak Distortion
Poor Choice of Sample Solvent: Tailing
Sample Solvent and Calibration Curve
Impurities in the Sample
Formation of a By-Product in the Sample Solution
Decomposition by the Sample Vial
Artifact Peaks from the Vial Septum
Formation of an Associate in the Sample Solution
Precision and Accuracy with Loop Injection
Injection Technique
Injection of Air
Sample Adsorption in the Loop
Extra-Column Volumes
Dwell Volume
Elution at t0
Classification of C18 Reversed Phases
Different Selectivity of C18 Reversed Phases
Different Batches of Stationary Phase
Chemical Reaction within the Column
Tailing of Phosphate Compounds in the Presence of Steel
Recovery and Peak Shape Problems with Proteins
Double Peaks from Stable Conformers
Influence of Temperature on the Separation
Thermal Non-Equilibrium within the Column
Influence of the Flow Rate on the Separation
Influence of Run Time and Flow Rate on Gradient Separations
UV Spectra and Quantitative Analysis
UV Detection Wavelength
Different Detection Properties of Diastereomers
Fluorescence Quenching by Air
Detector Overload in UV
Detector Overload in ELSD
Influence of the Retention Factor on Peak Height
Influence of the Flow Rate on Peak Area
Leaks in the HPLC Instrument
Impairment of Precision as a Result of Noise
Determination of Peak Area and Height at High Noise
Peak Height Ratios
Incompletely Resolved Peaks
Area Rules for Incompletely Resolved Peaks
Areas of a 1 : 10 Peak Pair
Heights of a 1 : 10 Peak Pair
Quantitative Analysis of a Small Peak
Incompletely Resolved Peaks with Tailing
Integration Threshold and Number of Detected Peaks
Detector Time Constant and Peak Shape
Quantitative Analysis in the 99% Range
Correlation Coefficient of Calibration Curves111

[ Last edited by skdrat on 2013-7-10 at 22:57 ]

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