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Abstract: In the past decade alkynes have become attractive starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of indole derivatives. This review summarizes the development of diverse homogeneous catalytic methods for the synthesis of indoles from alkynes and different N nucleophiles such as arylhydrazines, aniline derivatives, aryl isonitriles and nitroarenes. 1 Introduction 2 Metal-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkynes with Arylhydrazines 3 Indoles from Aniline Derivatives 3.1 Annulation of o-Haloanilines with Alkynes 3.2 Cyclization of o-Alkynylaniline Derivatives 3.3 Reaction of Anilines with Propargyl Alcohol Derivatives 4 Indoles from Isocyanides 5 Cycloaddition of Nitro- and Nitrosoarenes with Alkynes 6 Conclusion Keywords: alkynes; anilines; hydrazines; indoles; isonitriles; nitroarenes The indole ring system is the most widely distributed heterocycle found in nature. Since indole was first isolated by treatment of indigo dye with oleum, the name indole is a combination of the words indigo and oleum. Among the numerous structurally diverse derivatives many indoles show significant biological activity such as tryptamine, tryptophan, and serotonin. Hence, it is not surprising that this structural motif is also an important component in many of todayBs pharmaceuticals (Scheme 1). |
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huangzx1314
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LZX1024: 金币+5, 翻译EPI+1, ★有帮助 2013-04-17 21:38:43
sltmac: 金币+10 2013-04-20 09:51:50
LZX1024: 金币+5, 翻译EPI+1, ★有帮助 2013-04-17 21:38:43
sltmac: 金币+10 2013-04-20 09:51:50
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摘要：在近十年，炔烃类已经成为合成各种吲哚衍生品的原料。这一篇综述总结了由炔烃以及不同N亲核物质，比如：芳香肼、苯胺衍生品、芳基、异腈以及芳硝基化合物，合成吲哚各种各样的催化方法 1.前言 2.金属催化的炔烃与芳香肼的氢胺化反应 3.苯胺衍生物合成吲哚 3.1. 环状结构的o-环苯胺类与炔烃 3.2. 炔基苯胺衍生物的环化作用 3.3.苯胺类与炔丙醇衍生物的反应 4.异氰化物合成吲哚 5.硝基以及硝基索尔斯与炔烃类的环加成作用 6. 结论 关键词：炔烃；苯胺；肼；吲哚；异腈；芳硝基化合物 吲哚环结构是自然界中分布最广的杂环结构。由于吲哚是第一次通过处理蓝青染料与发烟硫酸而分离得到的，吲哚的名字是靛蓝与发烟硫酸两个单词的结合体。在众多结构多样化的衍生品中，吲哚具有重要的生物活性，比如：色胺、色氨酸和血清素。因此，这一结构也是现在很多药物的重要组成部分，这并不惊奇。 |
2楼2013-04-17 21:02:51
