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Fusion Road Map for Europe
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The European Fusion Development Agreement has published its road map to move fusion research forward from ITER¡ªa giant international reactor under construction in France that will be the first to produce useful amounts of energy¡ªto an industry-ready prototype fusion power plant by 2050. ITER is expected to produce the first net energy gain from fusion: 500 mega watts from a 50 MW input for a few minutes at a time.

Å·Ö޺˾۱䷢չЭµ÷×éÖ¯·¢²¼ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ·Ïßͼ£¬Òª´ÓITER¡ªÒ»¸ö¹ú¼ÊºÏ×÷Íê³ÉµÄ´óÐÍ·´Ó¦¶Ñ£¬Ä¿Ç°ÔÚ·¨¹ú½¨ÔìÖС£Ëü½«»áÊǵÚÒ»¸öÄܲúÉú¿É¹©Ê¹ÓÃÄÜÔ´µÄºË¾Û±ä·´Ó¦¶Ñ¡ª¼ÌÐøÏòǰÂõ½ø£¬µ½2050Äê֮ǰ£¬Ñз¢³ö¿ÉÒÔ¹¤Òµ»¯Éú²úµÄºË¾Û±ä·¢µçվģÐÍ¡£Ô¤¼ÆITERµÚÒ»´ÎÄÜͨ¹ýºË¾Û±ä·´Ó¦²úÉú³öµÄ¸»ÓàÄÜÁ¿£ºÒ»´Î¼¸·ÖÖÓµÄÔËÐÐÖУ¬50Õ×ÍßµÄÄÜÁ¿ÊäÈë²úÉú500Õ×ÍßµÄÄÜÁ¿¡£


The next step will be a prototype power plant dubbed DEMO¡ªbut the road map notes a daunting list of technical hurdles to this. Those challenges include more work on how to extract exhaust heat¡ª current designs wouldn¡¯t survive the high power and continuous operation of DEMO. Advanced materials able to withstand the intense neutron bombardment from DEMO¡¯s reactions will also be needed, along with new ways to use those neutrons to breed more tritium fuel for fusion in the lining of the reactor. With any luck, DEMO might start generating power in the early 2040s.

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