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请问Cummins，Inc. and NREL 是什么意思
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请问Fang, H.; McCormick, R. L. Spectroscopic study of biodiesel degradation pathways.（Cummins,inc, and NERL） SAE Techn. Pap. No. 2006-01-3300. 中的Cummins,inc, and NERL表示什么意思，是代表公司还是什么？请高手指点 |
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Cummins,inc 和 NERL 如下解释，一个研究机构，一个公司吧 the National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) Cummins Inc., a global power leader, is a corporation of complementary business units that design, manufacture, distribute and service engines and related technologies, including fuel systems, controls, air handling, filtration, emission solutions and electrical power generation systems. Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana (USA), Cummins serves customers in more than 160 countries through its network of 550 company-owned and independent distributor facilities and more than 5,000 dealer locations. Cummins reported net income of $715 million on sales of $11.4 billion in 2006. [ Last edited by witkey on 2007-7-3 at 09:58 ] |
2楼2007-07-03 09:40:14
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应该是作者工作单位的简写，见全文摘要： SAE Technical Papers Title: Spectroscopic Study of Biodiesel Degradation Pathways Document Number: 2006-01-3300 Author(s): Howard L. Fang - Cummins Engine Tech. Center Robert L. McCormick - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Abstract: Oxidative degradation of biodiesel under accelerated conditions has been examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gravimetric measurement of deposit formation. The formation of gums and deposits caused by oxidation in storage or in an engine fuel system is a significant issue because of the potential for fuel pump and injector fouling. The results of this study indicate several important pathways for degradation and two pathways leading to formation of oligomers and, ultimately, deposits. Peroxides formed in the initial stage of oxidation can decompose to form aldehydes, ketones, and acids. These can react further in aldol condensation to form oligomers. Additionally, peroxides can react with fatty acid chains to form dimers and higher oligomers. Deposits form when the polarity and molecular weight of these oligomers is high enough. An antagonistic effect on deposit formation is observed for ultra-low sulfur diesel-(ULSD) biodiesel blends because of the lower polarity of ULSD relative to higher sulfur grades of diesel. Additionally, methyl esters can decompose by hydrolysis, reverse transesterification through reaction with glycerin and glycerides, and other related mechanisms. The use of antioxidants at the point of manufacture to prevent formation of hydroperoxides is recommended. File Size: 236K Product Status: In Stock |
3楼2007-07-03 09:51:46
4楼2007-07-03 10:47:17
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5楼2007-07-03 15:40:20
