这是专家写的:Indeed, we can freely choose as many zero points as there are chemical elements7.
Chemists make this choice so that the potential of every element is zero when it is in its most
stablemodification and under standard conditions (conventional scale). A less arbitrary choice
would be to take the elements as isolated atoms at rest (atomic scale).
这是部分相对大小
Table 1. Excerpt of a table of chemical potentials.
Substance Name, phase μ (kG)
. . . . . . . . .
Al6Si2O13 mullite, solid .6441.94
Ar argon, gaseous 0
Ar water solution 16.32
As arsenic, gaseous 261.08
As grey, metallic, solid 0
AsCl3 gaseous .248.95
AsCl3 liquid .259.41
AsF3 liquid .909.14
AsI3 solid .59.41
As2O3 monoclinic, solid .577.02
As2O5 solid .782.41
As2S3 solid .168.62
As4O6 cubic, solid .1152.52