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±í1.1 ÓñÃ×µí·ÛµÄ»¯Ñ§×é³É Table 1.1 Chemical composition of corn starch ͼ1.1 ¦Á-D-ÆÏÌÑÌÇ Fig. 1.1 ¦Á-D-glucose ͼ1.2 (a)Ö±Á¬µí·ÛºÍ(b)Ö§Á´µí·ÛµÄ·Ö×ӽṹ Fig. 1.2 Molecular structure of (a) amylose and (b) amylopectin ͼ1.3 µí·Û¿ÅÁ£µÄ»·²ã½á¹¹ Fig. 1.3 Annulate layer structure of starch granule ͼ1.4 µí·Û¿ÅÁ£µÄ³¬´ó·Ö×ÓÄ£ÐÍ Fig. 1.4 Supramolecular model of starch granule ±í1.2 ËÄÖÖ³£¹æ¾ÛºÏ·½·¨Ö®±È½Ï Table 1.2 Comparison of four conventional polymerization methods ±í1.3 ¹úÄÚµí·Û½ÓÖ¦Òý·¢Ìåϵ¸Å¿ö Table 1.3 Domestic overview of initiating systems for starch grafting ͼ1.5 µç´Å²¨Æ× Fig. 1.5 The electromagnetic spectrum ͼ1.6 ΢²¨Öеĵ糡ºÍ´Å³¡ Fig. 1.6 Electric and magnetic field components in microwaves ͼ1.7 ΢²¨Öе糡µÄÁ½ÖÖ¼ÓÈÈ»úÀí Fig. 1.7 Two heating mechanisms of electric component in microwaves ͼ1.8 ΢²¨¼ÓÈÈÓëÓÍÔ¡¼ÓÈȵÄζȷֲ¼¶Ô±È Fig. 1.8 Comparison temperature profiles of microwave heating and oil-bath heating ±í1.4 ´«Í³¼ÓÈÈÓë΢²¨¼ÓÈȵÄÖ÷񻂿±ð Table 1.4 Main differences between conventional heating and microwave heating ͼ1.9 ΢²¨¸¨ÖúÓлúºÏ³ÉºÍ΢²¨¸¨Öú¾ÛºÏµÄ·¢Õ¹Ç÷ÊÆ Fig. 1.9 Publication trends of microwave-assisted organic synthesis and microwave-assisted polymerization ͼ1.10 ΢²¨ºÏ³ÉµÄÓŵã Fig. 1.10 Merits of microwave synthesis ͼʾ1.1 ´«Í³·¨¡¢Î¢²¨Òý·¢ºÍ΢²¨¸¨ÖúºÏ³É½ÓÖ¦¹²¾ÛÎïµÄʾÒâͼ Scheme 1.1 Schematic representation for the synthesis of graft copolymer using conventional, microwave-initiated and microwave-assisted method ±í1.5 ²»Í¬ÖÖÀàµÄ¶àÌÇÔÚ΢²¨ÏµĸÄÐÔ Table 1.5 Various polysaccharides and their modification under microwaves ͼʾ1.2 µí·Û½ÓÖ¦¹²¾ÛÎïµÄ΢²¨¸¨ÖúºÏ³ÉÓë½¹»¯·ÏË®´¦ÀíÓ¦Óà Scheme 1.2 Microwave-assisted synthesis of starch graft copolymer and its application in the treatment of coking wastewater ±í2.1 ʵÑéÒ©Æ·Ã÷ϸ Table 2.1 Chemical reagents ±í2.2 ʵÑéÒÇÆ÷Çåµ¥ Table 2.2 Experimental equipments ±í2.3 ÓñÃ×µí·ÛµÄË®·Öº¬Á¿ Table 2.3 Moisture content of corn starch ͼ2.1 ÓñÃ×µí·ÛµÄÁ£¾¶·Ö²¼ Fig. 2.1 Particle size distribution of corn starch ͼ2.2 ºìÍâ²âÎÂУÕýÇúÏß Fig. 2.2 Calibration curve of the infrared thermometer ͼ2.3 µí·ÛµÄÏÔ΢ÕÕÆ¬ Fig. 2.3 Microphotographs of starches ͼ2.4 ²»Í¬´¦Àíµí·ÛµÄSEMÕÕÆ¬£º(a)Ôµí·Û¡¢(b)ˮԡ30 minºÍ(c)΢²¨10 min Fig. 2.4 SEM images of starches (a) native starch, (b) water-bath for 30 min, and (c) microwave irradiation for 10 min ͼ2.5 ÆÏÌÑÌÇ¡¢Ë®Ô¡ºý»¯µí·Û¡¢Î¢²¨ºý»¯µí·Û¡¢¿Õ°×ÊÔÑùµÄ·ÆÁÖ·´Ó¦ Fig. 2.5 Fehling reactions of glucose, water-bath gelatinized starch, microwave gelatinized starch, and blank ͼ2.6 ²»Í¬µí·ÛµÄºìÍâ¹âÆ×ͼ£º(a)Ôµí·Û£»(b)΢²¨ºý»¯µí·Û£»(c)ˮԡºý»¯µí·Û Fig. 2.6 FTIR spectra of different starches: (a) native starch, (b) microwave gelatinized starch and (c) water-bath gelatinized starch ͼ2.7 ²»Í¬Î¢²¨·øÕÕʱ¼äµí·ÛµÄºìÍâ¹âÆ×ͼ£º(a)5 min£»(b)10 min£»(c)15 min Fig. 2.7 FTIR spectra of starches with various irradiation times: (a) 5 min, (b) 10 min and (c)15 min ͼ2.8 µí·ÛµÄZetaµçÊÆ·ÖÎö Fig. 2.8 Zeta potential analysis of starches. Data correspond to mean ¡À s.d.; n=30. ͼʾ3.1 ½ÓÖ¦·´Ó¦»úÀí Scheme 3.1 Mechanism of grafting ͼʾ3.2 ¶Ô±½¶þ·Ó´ãÃð×ÔÓÉ»ù Scheme 3.2 Free radicals quenching by p-hydroquinone ͼ3.1 ΢²¨·´Ó¦Æ÷×°ÖÃͼ Fig. 3.1 Setup of the microwave reactor ±í3.1 ʵÑéÒ©Æ·Ã÷ϸ Table 3.1 Chemical reagents ±í3.2 ʵÑéÒÇÆ÷Çåµ¥ Table 3.2 Experimental equipments ±í3.3 ²úÎïµÄÈܽâ¶È Table 3.3 Solubility of the products ͼ3.2 ·´µÎ¶¨·¨µÄÖÕµãÏÖÏó£¨×ó£© Fig. 3.2 Endpoint of the inverse titration (left) ͼ3.3 80 mLË®ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¢²¨¹¦ÂÊϵÄÉýÎÂÇúÏß Fig. 3.3 Temperature curves of 80-mL water heated under various microwave powers ͼ3.4 ΢²¨·øÕÕʱ¼ä¶ÔGEºÍCDµÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 3.4 Effect of time of microwave irradiation on GE and CD ͼ3.5 ΢²¨·øÕÕ¹¦ÂʶÔGEºÍCDµÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 3.5 Effect of power of microwave irradiation on GE and CD ͼ3.6 ¹ýÁòËá¼ØÅ¨¶È¶ÔGEºÍCDµÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 3.6 Effect of concentration of KPS on GE and CD ͼ3.7 Á½ÖÖµ¥ÌåÅä±È¶ÔGEºÍCDµÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 3.7 Effect of AM-to-DADMAC ratio on GE and CD ͼ3.8 Á½ÖÖµ¥Ìå×ÜÁ¿¶ÔGEºÍCDµÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 3.8 Effect of monomer-to-starch ratio on GE and CD ±í3.4 ²»Í¬±¨µÀ²úÆ·µÄÌØÐÔð¤¶ÈºÍ·Ö×ÓÁ¿±È½Ï Table 3.4 Comparison of intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight of different reported products ͼ4.1 (a)Ôµí·ÛºÍ(b)½ÓÖ¦µí·ÛµÄSEMÕÕÆ¬ Fig. 4.1 SEM images of (a) native starch and (b) grafted starch ͼ4.2 µí·Û½ÓÖ¦¹²¾ÛÎïµÄÄܯ׷ÖÎö Fig. 4.2 EDS analysis of St-g-P(AM-DADMAC) ±í4.1 ÔªËØ·ÖÎö½á¹û Table 4.1 Elemental analysis results ͼ4.3 XRDÆ×ͼ£¨a£©ÓñÃ×µí·Û£»£¨b£©½ÓÖ¦²àÁ´£»£¨c£©½ÓÖ¦µí·Û Fig. 4.3 XRD of (a) native starch, (b) grafted side chain and (c) grafted starch ͼ4.4 (a)Ôµí·Û¡¢(b)ºý»¯µí·ÛºÍ(c)»ØÉúµí·ÛµÄXRDÆ×ͼ[37] Fig. 4.4 XRD[37] of (a) native starch, (b) gelatinized starch, and (c) retrograded starch ͼ4.5 (a)µí·Û¡¢(b)AM¡¢(c)DADMACºÍ(d)½ÓÖ¦²úÆ·µÄºìÍâ¹âÆ×ͼ Fig. 4.5 FTIR spectrum of (a) St, (b) AM, (c) DADMAC and (d) St-g-P(AM-DADMAC) ±í5.1 ʵÑéÒ©Æ·Ã÷ϸ Table 5.1 Chemical reagents ±í5.2 ʵÑéÒÇÆ÷Çåµ¥ Table 5.2 Experimental equipments ͼ5.1 ×Ƕȱê×¼ÇúÏß Fig. 5.1 Standard curve of turbidity (n = 3; error bars, ¡À s.d.) ͼ5.2 PFS¡¢PAFCºÍPAC´¦Àí½¹»¯·ÏˮЧ¹û Fig. 5.2 Image of coking wastewater treated by PFS, PAFC and PAC ͼ5.3 ÈýÖÖÎÞ»úÐõÄý¼Á¶ÔCODCrµÄÈ¥³ýЧ¹û Fig. 5.3 Dose of three inorganic flocculants on CODCr removal ͼ5.4 ÎÞ»úÐõÄý¼Á¶ÔÉ«¶ÈÈ¥³ýЧ¹û Fig. 5.4 Dose of three inorganic flocculants on chroma removal ͼ5.5 ÓлúÐõÄý¼Á´¦Àí½¹»¯·ÏˮЧ¹û¶Ô±È Fig. 5.5 Image of coking wastewater treated by three organic flocculants ͼ5.6 PFSÓëÓлúÐõÄý¼Á×éºÏ¶ÔCODCr¡¢É«¶ÈºÍ×ǶȵÄÍѳýÂÊ Fig. 5.6 PFS combined with organic flocculants on CODCr, chroma and turbidity removal ͼ5.7 ³Á½µÎïÏÔ΢ÐÎ̬¶Ô±È Fig. 5.7 Comparison of microscopic morphologies of the flocs ͼ5.8 CPAMŨ¶È¶ÔCODCr¡¢É«¶ÈºÍ×ǶȵÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 5.8 CPAM concentration on CODCr, chroma and turbidity removal ͼ5.9 CTABŨ¶È¶ÔCODCr¡¢É«¶ÈºÍ×ǶȵÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 5.9 Effect of CTAB concentration on CODCr, chroma and turbidity removal ͼ5.10 ²úƷͶ¼ÓÁ¿¶ÔCODCr¡¢É«¶ÈºÍ×ǶȵÄÓ°Ïì Fig. 5.10 Concentration of St-g-P(AM-DADMAC) on CODCr, chroma and turbidity removal ͼ5.11 ÐõÄý´¦Àíǰºó½¹»¯·ÏË®µÄÕÕÆ¬ Fig. 5.11 Photo of coking wastewater before and after flocculation treatment ͼ5.12 CPAMºÍ²úÎï´¦Àí½¹»¯·ÏË®ÐõÌåÐÎ̬¶Ô±È Fig. 5.12 Comparison of morphologies of flocs from coking wastewater treated by CPAM and the product ͼ5.13 (a)ÔË®×Ô³Á½µÎï¡¢(b)¼Ó²úÎïËùµÃ³Á½µÎïµÄSEMÕÕÆ¬ Fig. 5.13 SEM images of flocs from (a) self-sedimentation and (b) with the addition of the product ±í5.3 ´¦Àí½¹»¯·ÏˮЧ¹û¶Ô±È Table 5.3 Comparison of coking wastewater treatment |
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thorny_rose
½ð³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)
- ·ÒëEPI: 27
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- ³æºÅ: 1802186
- ×¢²á: 2012-05-07
- ÐÔ±ð: MM
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sltmac: ½ð±Ò+1 2012-06-04 09:21:03
sltmac: ½ð±Ò+25, ·ÒëEPI+1 2012-06-25 09:34:29
sltmac: ½ð±Ò+1 2012-06-04 09:21:03
sltmac: ½ð±Ò+25, ·ÒëEPI+1 2012-06-25 09:34:29
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