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| VOG and VOR are both the main constituents of HLF and its most active components. A great body of experimental evidences indicated that VOG and VOR may yield potential benefits in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. It was suggested that one of the molecular mechanisms of hawthorn leaf extract in protecting cardiac tissue against anoxia/reoxygenation injury might be VOG and VOR¡¯s inhibition of CD11 /CD18 expression on the neutrophil with subsequent reduction of anoxia/reoxygenation-induced neutrophil adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) (Li et al., 2008). VOR also increased coronary flow, heart rate and left ventricular pressure as well as the velocity of contraction and relaxation in Langendorff perfused isolated guinea pig hearts (Sch ¡§ussler et al., 1995 ). It was reported that VOR could regulate blood vessel tension by markedly increasing expression level of NOS mRNA, activity of NOS, production of NO and by decreasing ET-1 mRNA level in HUVECs (Zhu et al., 2006). Experiments in dogs indicated that cardiovascular hemodynamics were significantly influenced by VOG and VOR when HLF with the ratio of VOG to VOR of 1:2, was administrated intravenously (Wang et al., 2004). However, there is no available integrated data on the pharmacokinetic properties of the main active components of HLF after oral administration. |
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