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Molecular Virology of Hepatitis C Virus
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Molecular Virology of Hepatitis C Virus SUMMARY Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a medically significant pathogen that infects approximately 170 million people worldwide. The majority of individuals infected with HCV develop chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV was discovered in 1989 by molecular cloning. Subsequent studies have resulted in a great deal of new knowledge about the organization of HCV genome, properties and roles of HCV proteins, virus-host interaction, as well as the molecular mechanism of HCV replication. The untranslated regions at both the 5’ and 3’ ends of HCV RNA contain cis-acting RNA elements important for HCV replication. A cis-acting replication element (CRE) is located in a region juxtaposed to the sequences encoding the C-terminal hydrophobic domain of NS5B. The cell-based systems involving the efficient replication of subgenomic HCV RNAs have been successfully developed. The HCV replication complex contains HCV RNA and nonstructural proteins NS3, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B as well as cellular proteins. Major advances in understanding the molecular virology of HCV over the years have greatly facilitated the anti-HCV drug discovery and developmen |
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