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Mol Sieves DOI 10.1007/3829_008 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Published online: 13 January 2006 Acidity and Basicity: Determination by Adsorption Microcalorimetry Aline Auroux Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse, CNRS, 2 avenue Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France aline.auroux@catalyse.cnrs.fr 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 3 Limitations 4 Acidity and Basicity in Zeolites 4.1 Influence of the Zeolite Structure and Pore Diameter 4.2 Influence of the Si/Al Ratio 5 Probe Molecules 5.1 Acidic Probe Molecules 5.2 Basic Probe Molecules 5.3 Influence of the Probe Molecule on Adsorption Heats 6 Faujasite-Type Zeolites X and Y 6.1 Influence of the Probe Molecule 6.2 Temperature Dependence of Heats of Adsorption 6.3 Thermal Stability of Faujasites 6.4 Influence of the Crystallite Size 6.5 The Effect of Proton Exchange Level 6.6 Substitution by Other Cations 6.7 Influence of Occluded Clusters 6.8 Influence of Dealumination on H-Y Zeolites 6.9 Acidity in Fluid Cracking Catalysts (FCCs) 7 ZSM-5Zeolites 7.1 Influence of the Probe Molecule 7.2 Effect of Adsorption Temperature 7.3 Difference in Preparation Procedures 7.4 Effect of Pretreatment 7.5 Effect of Proton Exchange Level 7.6 Influence of the Si/Al Ratio and Dealumination 7.7 Metal-Modified ZSM-5 7.8 Effect of Coke Deposition 7.9 Isomorphous Silica Molecular Sieves: Silicalite-1 8 Mordenites 8.1 Influence of the Probe Molecule 8.2 Influence of the Adsorption Temperature 8.3 Effect of Pretreatment 8.4 Influence of the Exchange Level 8.5 Influence of Dealumination 9 Offretites and Erionites 10 Other Zeolites 10.1 H-Rho 10.2 Ferrierite-Type Zeolites 10.3 Mazzite 10.4 MCM-22 and MWW-Based Catalysts 10.5 Zeolites G, L, ZK-4, ZK-5, and SVK 10.6 Beta Zeolites 11 Tuning the Acidity 11.1 Isomorphous Substitution 11.1.1 Trivalent T Atoms 11.1.2 Tetravalent T Atoms 11.2 Chemical Modification 11.3 Aging and Coke Deposition 11.4 Additives 12 Other Molecular Sieves 12.1 Aluminophosphates (VPI, AlPO4) 12.2 Silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs) 12.3 Metal Aluminophosphates (MeAPOs) 12.4 Mesoporous Materials (such as MCM-41) 13 Relationship to Catalytic Activity 14 Conclusion References Abstract We review the use of adsorption microcalorimetry for the determination of the surface acidity and basicity of various types of zeolites and related materials, as well as the relationship between the information gathered by this technique and catalytic activit [suggestion from daiqiguang] ÏÂÔØµØÖ·£¨G±¦ÅÌ£© ÌáÐÑ£ºÇë²»ÒªÔÙÁôÏÂEmaiL£»Èç¹ûÔÙÁô½«Ö±½Ó¿Û½ð±Ò5¸ö£¨ÊÂÏȲ»¸øÓë֪ͨ£©£¬Ð»Ð»ÅäºÏ£¡ http://vistadai.gbaopan.com/files/ad0d8875fff3493480e2cb604e90fc2b.gbp [ Last edited by daiqiguang on 2007-4-26 at 18:12 ] |
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