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Mol Sieves
DOI 10.1007/3829_008
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006
Published online: 13 January 2006


Acidity and Basicity:
Determination by Adsorption Microcalorimetry
Aline Auroux
Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse, CNRS, 2 avenue Einstein,
69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
aline.auroux@catalyse.cnrs.fr



1 Introduction
2 Experimental
3 Limitations
4 Acidity and Basicity in Zeolites
4.1 Influence of the Zeolite Structure and Pore Diameter
4.2 Influence of the Si/Al Ratio
5 Probe Molecules
5.1 Acidic Probe Molecules
5.2 Basic Probe Molecules
5.3 Influence of the Probe Molecule on Adsorption Heats
6 Faujasite-Type Zeolites X and Y
6.1 Influence of the Probe Molecule
6.2 Temperature Dependence of Heats of Adsorption
6.3 Thermal Stability of Faujasites
6.4 Influence of the Crystallite Size
6.5 The Effect of Proton Exchange Level
6.6 Substitution by Other Cations
6.7 Influence of Occluded Clusters
6.8 Influence of Dealumination on H-Y Zeolites
6.9 Acidity in Fluid Cracking Catalysts (FCCs)
7 ZSM-5Zeolites
7.1 Influence of the Probe Molecule
7.2 Effect of Adsorption Temperature
7.3 Difference in Preparation Procedures
7.4 Effect of Pretreatment
7.5 Effect of Proton Exchange Level
7.6 Influence of the Si/Al Ratio and Dealumination
7.7 Metal-Modified ZSM-5
7.8 Effect of Coke Deposition
7.9 Isomorphous Silica Molecular Sieves: Silicalite-1
8 Mordenites
8.1 Influence of the Probe Molecule
8.2 Influence of the Adsorption Temperature
8.3 Effect of Pretreatment
8.4 Influence of the Exchange Level
8.5 Influence of Dealumination
9 Offretites and Erionites
10 Other Zeolites
10.1 H-Rho
10.2 Ferrierite-Type Zeolites
10.3 Mazzite
10.4 MCM-22 and MWW-Based Catalysts
10.5 Zeolites G, L, ZK-4, ZK-5, and SVK
10.6 Beta Zeolites
11 Tuning the Acidity
11.1 Isomorphous Substitution
11.1.1 Trivalent T Atoms
11.1.2 Tetravalent T Atoms
11.2 Chemical Modification
11.3 Aging and Coke Deposition
11.4 Additives
12 Other Molecular Sieves
12.1 Aluminophosphates (VPI, AlPO4)
12.2 Silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs)
12.3 Metal Aluminophosphates (MeAPOs)
12.4 Mesoporous Materials (such as MCM-41)
13 Relationship to Catalytic Activity
14 Conclusion
References


Abstract
We review the use of adsorption microcalorimetry for the determination of
the surface acidity and basicity of various types of zeolites and related materials, as well as the relationship between the information gathered by this technique and catalytic activit

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