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Co1xS–Graphene Hybrid: A High-Performance Metal Chalcogenide Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction** Hailiang Wang, Yongye Liang, Yanguang Li, and Hongjie Dai* Owing to their high energy-conversion efficiency, low or even zero emission, and high energy and power density, fuel cells such as proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) have drawn tremendous attention as potential clean and efficient power sources for both electric vehicles and portable electronics.[1, 2] A major limiting factor of energy-conversion efficiency for present fuel cells is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode.[3–9] Platinum and its alloys have been so far the most active ORR catalysts.[3–9] However, the prohibitive cost, scarcity, and declining activity of Pt-based catalysts have hindered widespread application and commercialization of fuel cells.[3–9] Consequently, alternative electrocatalysts based on nonprecious metals have been actively pursued.[3–9] Cobalt sulfides have been investigated as ORR catalyst with the highest activity among all chalcogenides of nonprecious metals in acidic solution.[2,10–16] Theoretical studies predicted electrocatalytic activity of Co9S8 similar to that of Pt via a four-electron ORR pathway.[11] However, current ORR catalysts based on cobalt sulfides and cobalt selenides have exhibited activities far lower than that of Pt.[12–16] Moreover, it has been shown that two-electron reduction is the dominant reaction pathway for cobalt sulfide catalysts, especially at potentials higher than 0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).[2] It is thus highly desirable to design and synthesize high-performance cobalt chalcogenide based electrocatalyst materials capable of catalyzing fourelectron ORR. Here we describe a novel cobalt sulfide–graphene hybrid electrocatalyst for ORR, obtained by controlled two-step synthesis of Co1xS nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO). |
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