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¡°Panarchy¡± is the term we use to describe a concept that explains the evolving nature of complex adaptive systems. Panarchy is the hierarchical structure in which systems of nature (for example, forests, grasslands, lakes, rivers, and seas), and humans (for example, structures of governance, settlements, and cultures), as well as combined human¨C nature systems (for example, agencies that control natural resource use) and social-ecological systems (for instance, co-evolved systems of management), are interlinked in never-ending adaptive cycles of growth, accumulation, restructuring, and renewal. These transformational cycles take place in nested sets at scales ranging from a leaf to the biosphere over periods from days to geologic epochs, and from the scales of a family to a sociopolitical region over periods from years to centuries. If we can understand these cycles and their scales, it seems possible to evaluate their contribution to sustainability and to identify the points at which a system is capable of accepting positive change and the points where it is vulnerable. It then becomes possible to use those leverage points to foster resilience and sustainability within a system. The idea of panarchy combines the concept of space/time hierarchies with a concept of adaptive cycles. I will deal with each in turn and then show the consequence of combining them in a synthesis. |
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