Contents
List of figures vii
List of tables x
List of contributors xiii
Preface xvii
List of abbreviations xviii
PART I OVERVIEW
1. Introduction 3
Kym Anderson
2. The global picture 14
Kym Anderson, David Norman and Glyn Wittwer
PART II THE OLD WORLD
3. France 59
Emmanuelle Auriol, Jean-Baptiste Lesourd and
Steven G.M. Schilizzi, with an annex by Mathilde Hulot
4. Italy 73
Alessandro Corsi, Eugenio Pomarici and Roberta Sardone
5. Spain and Portugal 98
Luis Miguel Albisu
6. Germany 110
Karl Storchmann and G¨¹nter Schamel
7. The United Kingdom 124
Sally Stening, Klaus Kilov, Larry Lockshin and Tony Spawton
8. The Nordic countries 141
Jan Bentzen and Valdemar Smith
9. Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union 161
Nivelin Noev and Johan F.M. Swinnen
PART III THE NEW WORLD
10. North America 187
Daniel A. Sumner, Helene Bombrun, Julian M. Alston and
Dale Heien
v
11. South America 210
William Foster and Alberto Vald¨¦s
12. South Africa 227
Nick Vink, Gavin Williams and Johann Kirsten
13. Australia 252
Kym Anderson
14. New Zealand 287
Mia Mikic´
PART IV OTHER EMERGING MARKETS
15. East Asia 307
Christopher Findlay, Roger Farrell, Chunlai Chen and
Dewen Wang
Index 327
vi Contents
9.2 Change in production of wine, Bulgaria, Hungary and
Romania, 1989¨C1999 165
9.3 Change in production of wine, selected countries, 1989¨C99 166
9.4 Change in area of vineyards, various regions, 1989¨C99 169
9.5 Change in area of vineyards, selected countries, 1989¨C99 170
9.6 Change in production of grapes, various regions, 1989¨C99 170
9.7 Grape yields, various regions, 1989¨C99 171
9.8 Grape yields, selected countries, 1989¨C99 172
9.9 Change in volume and value of wine exports, by region,
1989¨C99 177
9.10 Change in volume and value of wine exports, selected
countries, 1989¨C99 178
10.1 Wine consumption in the USA, 1934¨C99 192
10.2 Consumer purchases of table wine in food stores,
USA, 2000 194
10.3 Grape crush, USA and California, 1978¨C2000 197
10.4 Regional distribution of grape crush within California, 2000 199
10.5 Average price of crushed grapes in California by region,
1998¨C2000 200
10.6 Bearing area of wine grapes, California, 1988¨C2000 201
11.1 Average pricing and tasting scores, Chile vs USA,
1991¨C97 217
11.2 Real domestic prices of wine grapes, Chile, 1985¨C2000 223
11.3 Intra-industry bulk wine real prices, Chile, 1980¨C2001 223
12.1 Wine industry structure, South Africa, 2002 242
13.1 Australia¡¯s share of global vine area, wine production,
and wine exports, 1990¨C2002 253
13.2 Domestic and export sales of Australian wine by volume,
1946¨C2007 254
13.3 Area of vineyards, Australia, 1850¨C2002 255
13.4 Share of non-bearing vines in total vine area, by variety,
Australia, 1995¨C2002 256
13.5 Shares of wine production exported and wine consumption
imported, Australia, 1856¨C57 to 2002¨C03 258
13.6 Composition of wine production, Australia, 1922¨C23 to
2001¨C02 259
13.7 Wine grape crush by variety group, Australia, 1955¨C56 to
2001¨C02 260
13.8 Australia¡¯s share of the value of wine imports by selected
importing countries, 1990¨C2002 265
14.1 Key indicators of the wine industry, New Zealand, 1990 and
2002 292
viii Figures
14.2 Wine import tariffs and volume of imports, New Zealand,
1986¨C2000 293
14.3 Major wine importing countries¡¯ shares of global imports
and their share of New Zealand¡¯s wine exports, 2001 298
14.4 Projections of wine grapes crushed and prices of wine
exports, New Zealand, 1989¨C2005 301
15.1 Volume of wine consumption, East Asia, 1991¨C2001 308
15.2 Wine consumption per capita, China and Japan, 1991¨C2001 309
15.3 East Asia¡¯s share of global wine imports, 1990¨C2001 310
15.4 Ratio of net imports to exports plus imports and share of
imports in consumption, volume based, China, 1996¨C2001 313
15.5 Imports of wine by type, China, 1997¨C2001 314
15.6 Indices of wine import trade intensity, Japan, 1990¨C2001 319
Figures ix
Tables
2.1 Firm concentration within the wine industry, selected Old
World and New World countries, 2000 17
2.2 Prevalence of wine cooperatives in the European Union, 2000 18
2.3 Shares of major regions in world wine production and
consumption volume and in value of exports and imports,
including and excluding intra-European Union trade,
1988 and 2001 19
2.4 Shares of exports of major wine exporters going to various
wine-importing regions, by value, 2001 23
2.5 Growth in vine area and wine production, consumption and
export volume and value, major regions, 1990¨C2001 24
2.6 Volume of wine production and consumption per capita,
trade orientation, and price of exports, by region, 1988¨C90
and 2001 28
2.7 Projected change in producer prices and output, selected
countries, 1999¨C2005 39
2.8 Decomposition of the projected changes in producer prices and
outputs in Australia¡¯s premium wine industry, 1999¨C2005 40
2.9 Decomposition of the additional effect on premium grape and
wine producer prices of assuming slower global economic
growth, % difference in 2005 42
A2.1 Summary of the world¡¯s wine markets, 1999¨C2001 47
A2.2 Other key indicators of the world¡¯s wine markets, 1999¨C2001 50
A2.3 Value of wine exports to various regions, 1999¨C2001 53
A2.4 Value of wine imports from various regions, 1999¨C2001 54
3.1 Vineyard and wine production, France and other
wine-producing countries, 2001 60
3.2 French regional red and ros¨¦ wine production, 2000 62
3.3 French regional white and sparkling wine production, 2000 63
3.4 Indications of French wine production and exports,
1990¨C2001 65
3.5 Major multinational companies involved in international
wine trade, 2000¨C2001 67
4.1 Wine grape and wine production, wine grape area and
wine exports, Italy, 1861¨C2001 75
x
4.2 Foreign trade in wine, Italy, 1870¨C1999 77
4.3 Shares of major countries in wine exports, and export prices,
Italy, 1969¨C99 79
4.4 Shares of different wine types in the volume of Italian exports,
1981¨C96 81
4.5 Wine-growing farms and wine grape area by region, Italy,
1997 85
4.6 Winemakers by type, Italy, 1998 86
4.7 Wine production by type, Italy, 1998 87
4.8 Italy¡¯s shares in selected countries¡¯ wine imports, 1991¨C2000 91
5.1 Area planted to vines, wine production and wine consumption,
Portugal and Spain, 1990¨C2001 101
5.2 Wine exports and imports, Portugal and Spain, 1990¨C2001 107
6.1 Vineyard area and yields, Germany, 2000 113
6.2 Winegrape varieties, Germany, 1990¨C2000 114
6.3 Wine exports, Germany, 1970¨C2000 114
6.4 German wine exports, by country of destination, 1999 115
6.5 German wine imports, by country of origin, 2000 117
6.6 German wine imports, by quality, style and colour, 2000 118
6.7 Beverage consumption, Germany, 1996¨C2000 119
6.8 Consumer buying trends, Germany, 1995¨C2000 120
8.1 Shares of wine, beer and spirits in total alcohol consumption,
Nordic countries and France, 1953¨C2000 144
8.2 Wine consumption, Nordic countries, 1999 and 2000 147
8.3 Travel import allowance quotas for wine, Nordic countries,
2001 and 2004 148
8.4 Wine taxes, Nordic countries, 2001 151
8.5 Import market shares by country of origin, Nordic countries,
2000 152
8.6 Average import prices of EU wine into Nordic countries, 1993
and 1999 154
8.7 Average import prices of red wine, Nordic countries, 1999 155
8.8 Retail prices of wines, Nordic countries, 2001 156
8.9 Retail prices of specific wines, Nordic countries, 2001 157
9.1 Production and exports of wine, Central and Eastern
European wine-producing countries, 1999 162
9.2 Consumption of wine per capita, selected CEECs, 1989¨C2001 167
9.3 Household consumption of wine and other beverages, by decile
income groups, Bulgaria, 1998 168
9.4 Wine exports and imports, selected countries, 1992 and 2001 176
9.5 Bulgaria¡¯s exports of bottled and bulk wine to various regions,
1993¨C2000 178
Tables xi
10.1 Wine consumption, by type and source, USA, 1950¨C2002 191
10.2 Wine production and consumption, USA and Canada,
1988¨C2001 193
11.1 Development of the wine sector, Chile, 1979¨C2001 214
11.2 Area of wine grape vineyards, by variety, Chile, 1994¨C99 215
11.3 Development of the wine sector, Argentina, 1979¨C2001 218
12.1 Regional distribution of grapevines and of wine output,
South Africa, 2002 240
12.2 Cultivar composition of vines and wine grapes crushed,
South Africa, 2002 241
12.3 Net change in area planted to different grape varieties,
South Africa, 2000 and 2002 243
12.4 Average prices for bulk sales of ¡®good wine¡¯, South Africa,
1992¨C2002 244
12.5 Index of prices of various grape varieties sold for winemaking,
South Africa, 1997¨C2002 244
13.1 Value of five top agricultural exports, Australia, 1988¨C2003 254
13.2 Booms and plateaus in the development of Australia¡¯s wine
industry, vintages 1854¨C2003 257
13.3 Australian wine export volumes to key markets, by price
ranges, year ending June 2003 266
13.4 Projected changes in wine output and producer prices,
world and Australia, 1999¨C2005 268
14.1 Trade policy and other regulatory changes affecting wine
industry expansion, New Zealand, 1958¨C2001 291
14.2 New Zealand wine exports to key markets by export price,
2001 294
14.3 Sales in super- and ultra-premium market segments in the UK,
the USA and Australia, actual 2000 and projected 2006 300
15.1 Volumes and values of wine imports and exports, China,
1995¨C2001 312
15.2 Consumption of alcoholic beverages, Japan, 2000 316
15.3 Value of wine imports by type, Japan, 1990¨C2000 317
15.4 Sources of bottled wine imports, Japan, 1990¨C2000 318
15.5 Volume, value and unit value of imported wines, by source,
Japan, 2001 318