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xubei9558金虫 (小有名气)
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[求助]
钯炭的回收
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| 本人正在做钯炭的回收试验,只能回收85%,含量也只有98%,资料上可以回收95%,含量也可以达到99.95%。但就是做不到,谁有回收钯炭的工艺,必重谢! |
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xubei9558
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6楼2011-06-17 09:35:11
liwhite
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2楼2011-06-14 13:54:36
860283648
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【答案】应助回帖
xubei9558(金币+1): 谢谢 2011-06-15 09:43:56
3楼2011-06-14 21:05:41
860283648
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【答案】应助回帖
xubei9558(金币+1, 博学EPI+1): 谢谢了 2011-06-15 09:41:09
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一、钯炭的回收: 1. 无水乙醇中回流30分钟以上; 2. 乙醇-水(2:1)混合溶剂中回流30分钟以上。过滤,滤液如不澄清,需重新回流。 二、钯炭的制备: 5%的钯碳的做法:把氯化钯溶解在盐酸里,一定要溶解澄清透明,盐酸的量可以自己定,一般溶解清楚透明就可以了,活性炭要选择,不要颗粒太粗,200目以上就可以了,普通的活性碳要筛。然后把水加热到60~70℃,一定要去离子水。然后在10~15分钟内把氯化钯滴加到水里, 加完后再搅拌2小时左右,然后用甲醛中和到溶液到中性。然后冷却过滤,或者热过滤都没有关系,过滤后用去离子水洗掉氯离子,一般用氯化银来检查,一般做10克钯碳用400克水加热滴定,要注意,5%的钯碳是以钯金属来算,不是氯化钯来算,其他含量的做法错不多,处理氯化钯活性碳的粒度,越细越好,你还可以把活性碳用酒精处理一下再用。 钯/炭催化剂(5%Pd) 将优质活性炭用l0%硝酸在蒸气浴上加热2—3h、用水 洗涤硝酸,在l00—ll0℃烘干。取93克处理过的活性炭悬浮在 1.2升水中,加热至80℃,在此悬浮液中,加入8.2克(o.046摩 尔)氯化把溶于20毫升浓盐酸相50毫升水的溶液。在快速搅拌下 加入8毫升(o.1摩尔)37%甲醛溶沧。保持恒定搅拌,加30% 氢氧化创溶液使悬浮液对石蕊试纸稍呈碱性。继续搅拌5分钟。 过滤,用每份250毫升水洗涤10次。尽可能抽吸至于。滤块先在室 温下空气中晾干,然后在有氢氧化部(或氯化钙)的干燥器中干 燥。得干燥催化剂92—98克。在密闭瓶中保存。 钯/炭催化剂(10%Pd) 在蒸气浴上加热8.33克氯化把在5.5毫升浓盐酸和40毫升水 中的混合物使成溶液,加到盛有135克醋酸钠三水合物在500毫升 水的溶液的1升还原瓶中。加入55克优质活性炭。通氢到混合物 中至1—2小时后不再吸收为止。用布氏漏斗过滤,用2L水分 五次洗涤。除去大部分水的滤块先在空气中晾干,然后在有氯化 钙的干燥器中干燥。得催化剂40~50克,粉碎后贮存在密闭瓶中。 这是有机制备化学手册中的制法,比较经典,应该可以 参考文献: Org.Syn., Coll.V0l.3, PP 685(1955) A. Palladium on barium sulfate catalyst (5% Pd). A solution of 8.2 g. of palladium chloride (0.046 mole) in 20 ml. (0.24 mole) of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50 ml. of water is prepared. To a rapidly stirred, hot (80°) solution of 126.2 g. (0.4 mole) of reagent barium hydroxide octahydrate in 1.2 l. of distilled water contained in a 4-l. beaker and is added all at once 120 ml. (0.36 mole) of 6 N sulfuric acid. More 6 N sulfuric acid is added to make the suspension just acid to litmus. To this hot barium sulfate suspension are added the palladium solution and 8 ml. (0.1 mole) of 37% formaldehyde solution. The suspension is then made slightly alkaline to litmus with 30% sodium hydroxide solution, constant stirring being maintained. The suspension is stirred 5 minutes longer, and then the catalyst is allowed to settle . The clear supernatant liquid is decanted and replaced by water, and the catalyst is resuspended. The catalyst is washed by decantation eight to ten times. After the final decantation, the catalyst is collected on a 90-mm. medium-porosity sintered-glass funnel. Most of the water is removed from the cake, but not enough to cause the cake to break or channel. The filter cake is washed with 250 ml. of water in five portions, the last being removed as completely as possible by filtration. The funnel and its contents are then placed in an oven at 80° until the catalyst is dry. The catalyst (93–98 g.) is powdered and stored in a tightly closed bottle. B. Palladium on carbon catalyst (5% Pd). A suspension of 93 g. of nitric acid-washed Darco G-60 in 1.2 l. of water contained in a 4-l. beaker and is heated to 80°. To this is added a solution of 8.2 g. (0.046 mole) of palladium chloride in 20 ml. (0.24 mole) of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50 ml. of water . Eight milliliters (0.1 mole) of 37% formaldehyde solution is added. The suspension is made slightly alkaline to litmus with 30% sodium hydroxide solution, constant stirring being maintained. The suspension is stirred 5 minutes longer. The catalyst is collected on a filter and washed ten times with 250-ml. portions of water. After removal of as much water as possible by filtration, the filter cake is dried, first in air at room temperature, and then over potassium hydroxide in a desiccator. The dry catalyst (93–98 g.) is stored in a tightly closed bottle. Organic Syntheses, CV 3, 685 |
4楼2011-06-14 21:13:28













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