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chengary

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[交流] 核能之后，新的能源在哪里？已有70人参与

今天看了一则新闻：
http://news.sohu.com/20110530/n308858314.shtml
德国宣布不用核能将于2022年前关闭所有核电站
来源：中国新闻网
2011年05月30日09:24

　　中新网5月30日电据外电报道，德国环境部长30日宣布，德国将于2022年前关闭国内所有的核电站。德国将成为首个不再使用核能的主要工业国家。

　　受日本地震引发的核泄漏事故影响，瑞士政府25日表示，瑞士现有5座核电站将于2019年至2034年陆续达到最高使用年限。之后，瑞士将不再重建或更新核电站。目前瑞士电能近四成来自核电。

      10年之后，德国这个重工业国家将不再使用核电，那么缺口的电从哪获得？目前煤炭、油价那么高，是否在10年之后将会更高！！！
      让我们看看10年后德国会再更多的使用什么能源，以作为核能的替换？

POST：今天上网看到有虫子对此新闻有些疑问，特意去德国政府的网站上证实了一下，的确有此消息，相关消息地址如下（不会德语的朋友不用担心，我找的是德国政府网站的英文版）
      The way toward the energy of the future
Mon, 30.05.2011

Photo: picture-alliance
Rapidly into the era renewable energy

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The German government now aims to implement the Energy Strategy it adopted in late 2010 more swiftly and more rigorously than originally intended. Only ten years from now the last nuclear power plants are to be closed down. Germany aims to enter the age of renewables as quickly as possible. Speaking in Berlin, Chancellor Angela Merkel and three of her ministers presented in detail the steps that will be involved. No provision has been made for a way back.
Angela Merkel, Federal Environment Minister Norbert Röttgen, Federal Transport Minister Peter Ramsauer and Federal Economics Minister Philipp Rösler presented the details of the government’s resolution.

"Germany can become an international pioneer, the first nation to manage to move away from traditional energy sources to renewables," the Chancellor declared, summing up the objectives of the strategy. To this end the German government has developed a strategy that will lead the country toward an independent, reliable, economical and environmentally sound energy supply.

The end of nuclear power

A key part of the updated energy strategy is the date that has now been set for the end to the use of nuclear power. Step by step the German government intends to shut down all nuclear power stations in the country by 2022.

The resolution is absolutely clear. There is no loophole that would allow power stations to operate beyond this cut-off date in order to deliver agreed electricity quotas.

No compromises where safety is concerned

Those nuclear power plants that have already been shut down within the framework of the moratorium, including the Krümmel plant, will not be restarted. Only the three newest power plants Neckarwestheim 2, Isar 2 and Lingen will be permitted to operate until 2022.

But, safety considerations will be absolutely paramount when it comes to deciding whether a power plant may operate up to the cut-off point, said the Chancellor. The German government will conduct an annual planning control and will check whether or not targets have been achieved.

No gap in power supplies

To ensure that power supplies are not jeopardised, the Federal Network Agency will provide all necessary information.

In their report on the impacts of the moratorium on nuclear power plants, the agency’s specialists pointed out that there could be energy shortfalls in Southern Germany in winter. Should their fears prove justified, the nuclear power stations that have already been closed down are to be a so-called cold reserve.

"This does not mean we are opening up a back door," underscored the Chancellor. The reserve is only to be available for a maximum of two years. The Federal Network Agency has been mandated to identify other solutions to potential shortfalls in winter. "It is our responsibility to ensure that Germany does not suffer any blackouts," said the Chancellor.

Systematic expansion of renewables

Parallel to the gradual departure from nuclear power, the percentage of energy generated from renewables is to rise consistently. The target is to raise the percentage from 17 percent today to 35 percent in 2020. For this to be achieved the new energies must be reliable and marketable.

"We need an entirely new architecture for our energy system and energy supply for the electricity of the future," underlined the Chancellor. Ensuring this is another elemental part of the resolution of the government.

The government has already finalised a bill to reform the Renewable Energies Law. The legislative procedure can now take its course.
   http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn ... giekonzept__en.html

[ Last edited by chengary on 2011-6-1 at 16:10 ]

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Originally posted by neuzerg at 2011-06-01 08:08:34:
对燃料电池必将导致第三次工业革命这句话很有兴趣
楼主是搞这个方向的吗？

本人不是从事燃料电池方向，但是对于这个方向有些微薄的了解，其实从光解水制氢也好，核聚变额外获得氢也好，氢原料的供给问题肯定可以得到合理解决，而对于储氢材料的研发是个老课题，虽没有实质性的有力突破，但是这一块的工作依然在持续给力。还有的时间在这方面做出突破。
解决能源的终极目的一定会是核聚变能，而核聚变在产生大量电能、热能（热点联偶技术）的同时，能额外产生大量的氢能源，可谓一举多得。这方面政府肯定会花大血本投入经费。只是源于政治因素（核敏感话题），有的数据不便公布而已。
从这些角度而言，电动汽车对于电池性能的依赖性太强，对应电池的寿命有限，在这方面的隐性成本较高，而燃料电池组却能较好地规避这些缺陷，取代内燃机，而成为未来汽车的终极动力。