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DIY染料敏化太阳能电池(图解)
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１．We start with 2 glass plates. Each plate is coated with TCO (or Transparent Coated Oxide). This is a thin coating which is electrically conducting in much the same way as metal wire. The TCO consists of SnO2:F (:F indicates that the tin oxide is doped with a very small amount of Fluor). The coating is transparent to enable light to pass through without loss. Doping is the process where small quantities of foreign atoms are introduced to control the electronic properties of semi conductors. The function of the TCO is to transport the current produced from the solar cell to the power consuming device. The Minus electrode goes by the name of ‘Photo electrode”  ２．A thin layer of TiO2 is coated on the photo electrode. This layer consists of a spongy 3 dimensional nano crystalline network. The layer itself has a thickness of 10 micrometer and is randomly stacked. Nano technology lies at the heart of this type of solar cell. The TiO2 particles are ‘grown’ from around 3 nm to approx. 20 nm which appears to be the most optimal size for this type of dye solar cell.  3.The dye molecules attach to the TiO2 particles.  4. The plus or counter electrode is provided with a thin graphite layer. The purpose of the graphite is to act as a catalyst.  5. The electrolyte is added. The electrolyte consists of Iodine (I2) and Sodium Iodide (NaI) dissolved in ethanol.  [ Last edited by leotron23 on 2006-8-23 at 18:45 ] |
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6.The electrical circuit is completed. The solar cell kit contains both a calculator and melody module to actually show that power is being generated and used. A multimeter is included to measure resistance, voltage and current generated. The actual working of the dye solar cell is contained in a further series of slides.  7.Dye molecules chemically attach to the TiO2 particles when the negative electrode is submerged in the liquid dye. The transformation of photon energy into electrical current occurs in sequence as shown in the following slides:  8.A small amount of light is absorbed by the dye molecules.  9.The photon energy present is transferred to single electrons in the dye molecules.  10.Upon transfer of photon energy, the single electrons become mobile and able to leave their defined bonds.  |
2楼2006-08-23 18:50:35
11.The electrons have sufficient energy to migrate thru the TiO2 and TCO layers to the power consuming device.  12. The device now is able to function as designed.  13.A closed circuit is required for electrical current to run, that is once the electrons have shed their energy they must return to the point of release. This is the task of the counter electrode which absorbs the electrons from the power consuming device. These electrons return - by means of the electrolyte - to the dye molecules from which they were released.  14.To realize this a counter electrode is required to absorb the electrons from the energy consuming device. The electrons are transferred to ions present in the liquid electrolyte. To enable this transfer to occur smoothly a catalyst is required. This is the function of the graphite deposited on the TCO of the counter electrode.  15.The ‘charged’ ions carry the electrons thru the liquid and pores of the Tio2 ‘sponge’ until they get to the dye molecules short of electrons. The electrons now transfer from the ions to the dye molecules. This step closes the electrical circuit so the process is able to repeat itself.  |
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