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Nature Contents 13 July 2006 (Vol. 442 pp109 - 222)
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[×ÔȻҪÀÀ] £¨Ñ¡×ÔÓ¢¹úNatureÔÓÖ¾£¬2006Äê7ÔÂ13ÈÕ³ö°æ£© ·âÃæ¹ÊÊ£ºÈËÔìÉñ¾Ô˶¯×°Öà A high-performance brain¨Ccomputer interface ±¾ÆÚ·âÃæËùʾΪBrainGate·ÉÐÐÔ±ÁÙ´²ÊÔÑéµÄµÚһλ²ÎÓëÕßMatt Nagle¡£ÔÚ¾±²¿ ¼¹Ë÷ËðÉ˺ó£¬ËûµÄ¸ì²²ºÍÍȲ»Äܶ¯ÁË¡£²¼ÀÊ´óѧÉñ¾¿ÆÑ§ÏµµÄÑо¿ÈËÔ±ÓëÉúÎï¼¼ Êõ¹«Ë¾Cyberkinetics¼°ÆäËûÈý¸ö»ú¹¹µÄÈËÔ±ºÏ×÷£¬·¢ÏÖÓëÔ˶¯ÓйصÄÐźſÉͨ ¹ýÒ»¸öÖ²ÈëµÄBrainGateоƬ´Ó´óÄÔÏòÍâ´«µÝ£¬Ê¹»¼ÕßÄܹ»Çý¶¯Ò»¸öµçÄÔÆÁÄ»¹â ±ê£¬Æô¶¯¼òµ¥µÄ×Ô¶¯×°Öá£ÕâÖÖÈËÔìÉñ¾Ô˶¯×°ÖÃÓпÉÄÜΪÑÐÖÆ¿ÉÒÔ´úÌæ»ò»Ö¸´ ̱»¾»¼ÕßɥʧµÄÔ˶¯¹¦ÄܵÄϵͳÆÌƽµÀ·¡££¨Article p. 164; News and Views; News Feature; www.nature.com/podcast£©ÔÚÕâÏî½øÕ¹Ö®Ç°£¬ÕâÖÖÀàÐÍ µÄ¹¤×÷Ö÷ÒªÊÇÔÚºï×ÓÉíÉϽøÐеġ£ÔÚ×î½üµÄÒ»ÀýÕâÖÖÑо¿ÖУ¬Ñо¿ÈËԱʹÕâÀà×° ÖõÄÔ˶¯ËÙ¶ÈÓ뵱ǰµÄ×°ÖÃÏà±ÈÓÐÁ˺ܴóÌá¸ß£¬´Ó¶øÊ¹µÃÑÐÖÆ¿ÉÔÚÁÙ´²ÉÏʹÓÃµÄ ÄÔ»úÆ÷½Ó¿ÚµÄǰ¾°¸ü¼ÓÀÖ¹Û¡££¨Letter p. 195£©·âÃæÍ¼Æ¬£ºRick Friedman/Corbis ¼õÊý·ÖÁѹý³ÌµÄ¿ØÖÆ£¨Controlling meiosis£© Clarifying the mechanics of DNA strand exchange in meiotic recombination Dmc1 (¡®disrupted meiotic cDNA¡¯)µ°°××î³õÊÇÔÚ¶ÔÄð¾Æ½Íĸ£¨Saccharomyces cerevisiae£©ÖÐÒýÆð¼õÊý·ÖÁÑ·¢ÉúÒ»¸öȱÏݵÄÍ»±ä½øÐÐÕç±ð¹ý³ÌÖÐʶ±ð³öÀ´µÄ¡£ ÔÚ²»¾Ãǰ£¬¾¡¹ÜÓдóÁ¿·Ö×ÓÒÅ´«Ñ§Ñо¿¹¤×÷֤ʵÁ˸õ°°×ÔÚ¼õÊý·ÖÁÑÖÐËùÆðµÄÖÐ ÐÄ×÷Ó㬵«¿ÆÑ§¼Ò¶ÔDmc1µÄÉú»¯ÐÔÖÊÈ´ÖªÖ®ÉõÉÙ¡£Matthew Neal ºÍ Scott Keeney¶Ô×î½ü¹ØÓÚ¼õÊý·ÖÁÑÖØ×éµÄ·Ö×Ó²½ÖèµÄÑо¿¹¤×÷½øÐÐÁËÆÀÊö£¬ÖصãÊÇDmc1 ¼°Æä¸¨Öúµ°°×¡£ÔÚ¼õÊý·ÖÁÑÖØ×é¹ý³ÌÖÐDNAÁ´½»»»µÄ¿ØÖÆÊÇÒ»¸ö¸´ÔӵĹý³Ì£¬¶Ô ÓÐÐÔÉúÖ³·Ç³£¹Ø¼ü£¬¶øÒ»ÖÖ½«Éú»¯ºÍÒÅ´«·½·¨½áºÏÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄÑо¿·½·¨½«¶ÔȾɫÌå ÐÐΪµÄÕâ¸ö·½Ãæ×ö³ö½âÊÍ¡££¨Review Article p. 153£© Odontogriphus omalusµÄÉí·ÝÒѾ¸ãÇ壨Mollusc of mats' destruction£© A soft-bodied mollusc with radula from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Odontogriphus omalusÊÇÀ´×Ô¼ÓÄôóº®Îä¼ÍÖÐÆÚBurgessÒ³Ñ񵀮æÒ컯ʯ ÖеÄÒ» ¸öÃ÷ÐÇ£¬¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÊÇÒ»¸ö³äÆø´²ºÍÒ»¸ö¿§·ÈÑÐÄ¥»úÖ®¼äµÄÔÓ½»Ìå¡£ËüµÄÁíÒ»÷ÈÁ¦ ÊÇÆä¡°ÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ¡±×´Ì¬£¬ÒòΪÔʼ»¯Ê¯²»ÄÜÓëÈκÎÒÑÖª¶¯ÎïÀàȺ¶ÔÓ¦ÆðÀ´¡£ÏÖ ÔÚ£¬¸ù¾Ý¶Ô189¸öб걾Ëù×öµÄÒ»ÏîÑо¿£¬Ñо¿ÈËÔ±·¢Ïָû¯Ê¯À´×ÔÒ»ÖÖÎÞ¿ÇÈí Ì嶯ÎÒԹŴúº£´²ÉϵÄÔåµæÎªÊ³¡£ÕâÒ»ÖØÐ½âÊ͵ĹؼüÊÇ£¬Ñо¿ÈËԱʶ±ð³öÁË ÈíÌ嶯ÎïµäÐ͵ÄÒ»ÖÖÔçÆÚÐÎʽµÄ½øÊ³Æ÷¹Ù£¬±»³ÆÎª³ÝÉ࣬ËüÊÇÒ»ÖÖÏñï±µ¶Ò»ÑùµÄ Ó²Æ÷¹Ù£¬ÓÃÀ´½«ÔåÀà´ÓÑÒʯÉϰþÀë¡£Õâ¸ö½á¹ûΪÁ˽â×îÖØÒªµÄÒ»¸ö¶¯ÎïÀàȺ֮һ µÄÔçÆÚÀúÊ·´ò¿ªÁËÒ»ÉÈд°»§£¬²¢Ê¹¿ÆÑ§¼ÒÄܹ»¶ÔÓ뺮Îä¼Í¡°±¬Õ¨¡±Ö®Ç°¶àϸ°û ¶¯ÎïÆðÔ´ÓÐ¹ØµÄÆäËû¼¸ÖÖÃÕÒ»ÑùµÄ»¯Ê¯½øÐÐÒ»´ÎÖØÐÂÆÀ¹À¡££¨Article p. 159; News and Views£© GRBÔçÆÚÓà»Ô¿ªÊ¼µÄʱ¼ä£¨First lights£© Energy input and response from prompt and early optical afterglow emission in gamma-ray bursts µ±¹Û²âµ½Ò»¸öÃ÷ÁÁµÄÙ¤ÂíÉäÏß±©£¨GRB£©Ê±£¬Á½ÖÖ²»Í¬ÀàÐÍµÄ¹â·øÉäÔÚ±¬·¢Ö®ºó ×î³õ¼¸·ÖÖÓÄÚÒ²»á±»¿´µ½£¬ËüÃDZ»³ÆÎª¡°Ë²·¢¡±·øÉäºÍÔçÆÚÓà»Ô¡£GRB 050820a ÊÇÈ¥Äê8ÔÂ20ÈÕ·¢ÉúµÄÒ»´ÎGRB£¬ËüΪÌìÎÄѧ¼ÒÌṩÁ˻شðÏÂÃæÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâµÄ»ú»á£º ¡°ÔçÆÚÓà»ÔÊÇʲôʱºò¿ªÊ¼µÄ£¿¡±´ð°¸ÊÇ£ºËü²¢²»ÊÇÏñͨ³£Ëù¼ÙÉèµÄÄÇÑùÊÇÔÚ GRB´¥·¢µÄʱºò¿ªÊ¼µÄ£»Ïà·´£¬ËüËÆºõÊÇÓë¸ù¾Ý˲·¢¹âѧºÍÙ¤ÂíÉäÏß·øÉäËù²âÁ¿ ³öµÄÄÜÁ¿ÊÍ·ÅÓйصÄÒ»ÖÖÏìÓ¦»ò·´Ïì¡£Õâ¸ö½á¹ûΪGRBÑо¿¿ª±ÙÁËÒ»¸öÐÂÁìÓò£¬ ÒòΪ¶ÔÂö³åÄÜÁ¿µÄÏìÓ¦¿É±»ÓÃÀ´Ì½Ë÷ÅçÉäÁ÷ºÍÖÜΧ½éÖʵÄÐÔÖÊ¡££¨Letter p. 172£© ÐÔÄܳ¬¹ý¾§Ìåµç×Ó×°ÖõÄÒºÏàµç×Ó×°Öã¨A practical solution£© Ultrasensitive solution-cast quantum dot photodetectors ½ñÌì×îºÃµÄµç×Ӻ͹âµç×Ó×°ÖÃÊÇͨ¹ýÔÚÒ»¸öµ¥¾§»ùÖÊÉϽøÐа뵼Ìå¾§ÌåÉú³¤ÖÆ³É µÄ¡£½üÄêÀ´NatureÉÏ·¢±íÁË100ƪÒÔÉϹØÓÚÆäËû¿É¹©Ñ¡ÔñµÄ×°ÖõÄÂÛÎÄ£¬ÕâЩװ ÖÃÊÇ´ÓÈÜÒºÏà»ñµÃµÄ¡£Ó봫ͳµÄ¾§Ì廯µÄ°ëµ¼Ìå×°ÖÃÏà±È£¬À´×ÔÈÜÒºµÄ×°ÖÃÓÐºÜ ¶àÓÅÊÆ£¬ÈçÈÝÒ×ÖÆÔ죬ÎïÀíÉϾßÓÐÁé»îÐÔ£¬¶øÇÒ×îÎªÖØÒªµÄÊdzɱ¾µÍ¡£Ëù´æÔÚµÄ ÎÊÌâÊÇ£¬Óëµ¥¾§×°ÖÃÏà±È£¬À´×ÔÈÜÒºµÄ×°Öõç×ÓÐÔÄܱȽϲµ«ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏÖÔÚÓÐ ¿ÉÄܸı䣺À´×Ô¶àÂ×¶à´óѧµÄÒ»¸öС×鱨¸æÁËÕâÑùÒ»¸öÌåϵ£¬¼´Áò»¯Ç¦µÄ½ºÌåÁ¿ ×ӵ㣬ËüµÄÐÔÄÜʵ¼ÊÉϳ¬¹ýÁË×îеľ§Ìå×°Öᣣ¨Letter p. 180£© ´óÆøÖÐôÇ»ù×ÔÓÉ»ùµÄ±ä»¯£¨Radical thinking£© Strong correlation between levels of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals and solar ultraviolet radiation ôÇ»ù£¨OH£©×ÔÓÉ»ùÖ÷Òª¾ö¶¨´óÆøµÄÑõ»¯ÄÜÁ¦¡£Ëü¶ÔÓÚÇå³ýÓ°ÏìÈËÀཡ¿µ¡¢Æøºò±ä »¯ºÍ×÷Îï²úÁ¿µÄÎÛȾÎïºÜÖØÒª¡£ÈËÃÇÆÕ±éÈÏΪ£¬¿ÕÆøÎÛȾµÄÔö¼Ó´Ó³¤Ô¶À´½²»áÍþ вµ½´óÆøµÄÑõ»¯¹¦Ð§£¬µ«¹ØÓÚOHÇ÷ÊÆµÄÊý¾ÝÈ´·Ç³£È±·¦¡£Òò´Ë£¬1999ºÍ2003Äê¼ä Ôڵ¹úÄϲ¿HohenpeissenbergÆøÏó¹Û²âÕ¾Ëù»ñµÃµÄÒ»×鳤ÆÚ²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý·Ç³£ÊÜ»¶ Ó¡£ÕâЩÊý¾Ý±íÃ÷£¬OHˮƽûÓпÉÒԹ۲⵽µÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£ÁîÈ˳ԾªµÄÊÇ£¬¼øÓÚÕâÖÖ×Ô ÓÉ»ùËù²ÎÓëµÄºÜ¶à·´Ó¦£¬OHµÄ±ä»¯ÓëÌ«Ñô×ÏÍâ·øÉäÓÐÃÜÇеġ¢ÏßÐԵĹØÏµ¡£ £¨Letter p. 184; 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---------------------- NEWS AND VIEWS ---------------------- Neuroscience: Converting thoughts into action There is a clear need to help people who have brain or spinal-cord damage to communicate and interact with the outside world. Progress to that end is being made with brain-implantation technology. Stephen H. Scott http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442141a.html Quantum physics: New spin on the Hall effect The spin Hall effect occurs when electrons with opposite spins go their separate ways in an electric field. The phenomenon is crucial to spin-based electronics, and its electrical signal has just been spotted. Andrew D. Kent http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442143a.html Atmospheric chemistry: Radicals follow the Sun Hydroxyl free radicals are part of a complex network of atmospheric chemical reactions. But a long-term study shows that their concentration can be predicted by the intensity of ultraviolet sunlight alone. Paul O. Wennberg http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442145a.html Palaeontology: A ghost with a bite Witness a snail scraping microbial films from the inside of an aquarium. Go back 505 million years, and this looks to have been the way an enigmatic early animal made its living (but without the aquarium). Stefan Bengtson http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442146a.html Solid-state physics: Supersolid simulations Supersolids -- substances that are crystalline but also behave as free-flowing superfluids -- can exist, according to quantum theory. Models now suggest a route to the clinching experimental evidence. Dieter Jaksch http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442147a.html Music: Calculated tones Richard Webb http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442149a.html Obituary: Raymond Davis Jr (1914-2006) Father of solar neutrino detection. James R. Distel http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442150a.html ---------------------- BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ---------------------- Quantum engineering: An atom-sorting machine Laser-trapped atoms in strings can be deftly rearranged and the spacing between them precisely adjusted. Yevhen Miroshnychenko, Wolfgang Alt, Igor Dotsenko, Leonid Forster, Mkrtych Khudaverdyan, Dieter Meschede, Dominik Schrader and Arno Rauschenbeutel Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/abs/442151a. html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7099/full/442151a. html BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING Embryology: Does prepatterning occur in the mouse egg? Takashi Hiiragi, Sophie Louvet-Vallee, Davor Solter and Bernard Maro Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04907.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04907.html Embryology: Does prepatterning occur in the mouse egg? (Reply) Berenika Plusa, Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis, Dionne Gray, Karolina Piotrowska-Nitsche, Agnieszka Jedrusik, Virginia E. Papaioannou, David M. Glover and Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04908.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04908.html ---------------------- REVIEW ---------------------- Clarifying the mechanics of DNA strand exchange in meiotic recombination Matthew J. Neale and Scott Keeney Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04885.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04885.html ---------------------- ARTICLES ---------------------- A soft-bodied mollusc with radula from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Jean-Bernard Caron, Amelie Scheltema, Christoffer Schander and David Rudkin Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04894.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04894.html Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia Leigh R. Hochberg, Mijail D. Serruya, Gerhard M. Friehs, Jon A. Mukand, Maryam Saleh, Abraham H. Caplan, Almut Branner, David Chen, Richard D. Penn and John P. Donoghue Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04970.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04970.html ---------------------- LETTERS ---------------------- Energy input and response from prompt and early optical afterglow emission in gamma-ray bursts Observations of a bright gamma-ray burst clearly show the temporal relationship and relative strength of the optical components. W. T. Vestrand, J. A. Wren, P. R. Wozniak, R. Aptekar, S. Golentskii, V. Pal'shin, T. Sakamoto, R. R. White, S. Evans, D. Casperson and E. Fenimore Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04913.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04913.html Direct electronic measurement of the spin Hall effect Report of an electrical demonstration of the spin Hall effect using high-quality metallic devices that incorporate a ferromagnet and a tunnel junction to inject spin-polarized electrons. S. O. Valenzuela and M. Tinkham Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04937.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04937.html Ultrasensitive solution-cast quantum dot photodetectors A solution-processed electronic device that uses colloidal quantum dots of lead sulphide outperforms the state-of-the-art crystalline alternatives, with ease of fabrication, physical flexibility, large device areas and low cost among its benefits. Gerasimos Konstantatos, Ian Howard, Armin Fischer, Sjoerd Hoogland, Jason Clifford, Ethan Klem, Larissa Levina and Edward H. Sargent Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04855.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04855.html Strong correlation between levels of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals and solar ultraviolet radiation Franz Rohrer and Harald Berresheim Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04924.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04924.html Low-frequency earthquakes in Shikoku, Japan, and their relationship to episodic tremor and slip David R. Shelly, Gregory C. Beroza, Satoshi Ide and Sho Nakamula Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04931.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04931.html Isolation of a novel acidiphilic methanogen from an acidic peat bog Suzanna L. Brauer, Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz, Erika Yashiro, Joseph B. Yavitt and Stephen H. Zinder Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04810.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04810.html A high-performance brain-computer interface A new type of brain-machine interface device enables recording of neural activity in the monkey cortex and extraction of intended target signals, leaving the monkey able to place a cursor on a location, just by thinking about it. Gopal Santhanam, Stephen I. Ryu, Byron M. Yu, Afsheen Afshar and Krishna V. Shenoy Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04968.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04968.html A germline-specific class of small RNAs binds mammalian Piwi proteins One of two studies that identifies a new class of small RNAs that interact with one Argonaute subfamily, the Piwi class. These testis-specific small RNAs, called 'piRNAs', are slightly longer than the previously described siRNAs and miRNAs. Angelique Girard, Ravi Sachidanandam, Gregory J. Hannon and Michelle A. Carmell Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04917.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04917.html A novel class of small RNAs bind to MILI protein in mouse testes One of two studies that identifies a new class of small RNAs that interact with one Argonaute subfamily, the Piwi class. These testis-specific small RNAs, called 'piRNAs', are slightly longer than the previously described siRNAs and miRNAs. Alexei Aravin, Dimos Gaidatzis, Sebastien Pfeffer, Mariana Lagos-Quintana, Pablo Landgraf, Nicola Iovino, Patricia Morris, Michael J. Brownstein, Satomi Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Toru Nakano, Minchen Chien, James J. Russo, Jingyue Ju, Robert Sheridan, Chris Sander, Mihaela Zavolan and Thomas Tuschl Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04916.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04916.html Three-dimensional structure of the myosin V inhibited state by cryoelectron tomography Cryoelectron tomography of two-dimensional arrays of myosin V reveals that it downregulates its activity by folding, positioning the cargo binding domain on the motor domain's active site. Jun Liu, Dianne W. Taylor, Elena B. Krementsova, Kathleen M. Trybus and Kenneth A. Taylor Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04719.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04719.html The cargo-binding domain regulates structure and activity of myosin 5 Kavitha Thirumurugan, Takeshi Sakamoto, John A. Hammer, III, James R. Sellers and Peter J. Knight Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04865.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04865.html ***** |
2Â¥2006-07-16 10:39:01














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