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guoyayun40铁杆木虫 (正式写手)
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【求助】浊点萃取的作用 已有5人参与
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The use of micellar systems such as CPE for separation and preconcentration has attracted considerable attention in the last few years mainly because it is in agreement with the “green chemistry” principles. Green chemistry can be defined as those procedures for decreasing or eliminating the use or generation of toxic substances for human health and for the environment [12]. CPE is a green method for the following reasons: (a) it uses as an extractor media diluted solutions of the surfactants that are inexpensive, resulting in the economy of reagents and generation of few laboratory residues; and (b) surfactants are not toxic, not volatile, and not easily flammable, unlike organic solvents used in liquid–liquid extraction [13,14]. CPE consist of three simple steps: (1) solubilization of the analytes in the micellar aggregates; (2) clouding; (3) phase separation for analysis. When a surfactant solution is heated over a critical temperature, the solution easily separates into two distinct phases: one contains a surfactant at a concentration below, or equal to, a critical micelle concentration; the other is a surfactant-rich phase. The hydrophobic compounds initially present in the solution and bound to the micelles are extracted to the surfactant-rich phase. This phenomenon is observed, in particular, for polyoxyethylene surfactants and can be attributed to the two ethylene oxide segments in the micelle that repel each other at low temperature when they are hydrated and attract each other when the temperature increases owing to the dehydration. |
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