| 查看: 2820 | 回复: 6 | |||
| 本帖产生 1 个 翻译EPI ，点击这里进行查看 | |||
| 当前只显示满足指定条件的回帖，点击这里查看本话题的所有回帖 | |||
[交流]
急！帮忙翻译一些分子生物学方面的英文文献段落
|
|||
|
Based on the facts that purified ENTPD5 is unable to hydrolyze ATP directly and the assay also contained S-100 from PTEN heterozygous MEFs, we realized that there must be more factors in the S-100, which are also required to hydrolyze ATP to AMP. These factors presented in cells regardless of their PTEN status. For example, when we added purified, recombinant ENTPD5 and UMP to the dialyzed S-100 from large-scale cultured HeLa cells, the ATP-to-AMP hydrolysis was reconstituted (Figure 4A, lanes 1–6). This observation made purification of these factors easier because HeLa cells can be grown in large quantity insuspension. To identify these factors, we fractionated HeLa cell S-100, using a Q Sepharose column, and collected both the flowthrough (Q-FL) and column-bound fractions eluted with 300 mM NaCl (Q-30). Neither fraction alone was able to hydrolyze ATP to AMP, although the Q-30 fraction, when ENTPD5 and UMP were present, hydrolyzed ATP to ADP (Figure 4A, lanes 13 and 14). When both the Q-FL and Q-30 fractions were included, the ATP-to-AMP activity was fully reconstituted (Figure 4A, lane 18). We purified the activity present in the Q-30 fraction. The activity present in the Q-30 fraction was purified by subjecting HeLa S-100 onto four sequential column chromatographic steps and finally onto a Mini Q column (Figure 4B, left). The activity was eluted from this column with a linear salt gradient from 40 to 120 mM NaCl, and fractions eluted from the column were assayed in the presence of recombinant ENTPD5, UMP, and the Q-FL fraction (Figure 4B, right-bottom). A peak of activity was observed at fractions 8–10. The same fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining, and two protein bands close to 37 and 20 kDa markers correlated perfectly with activity (Figure 4B, right-top). Both bands were identified by mass spectrometry as human UMP/CMP kinase-1 (CMPK1).The identification of UMP/CMP kinase in the Q-30 fraction shed light on why UMP is a cofactor for the ATPase activity and how ENTPD5 plus this enzyme generates ADP from ATP. In this reaction, UMP is phosphorylated into UDP by CMPK1 and ATP, generating ADP. UDP is subsequently hydrolyzed by ENTPD5 to UMP, completing the cycle with net conversion of ATP to ADP. With this knowledge, wethen made an educated guess that the third protein factor present in the Q flowthrough fraction should be an adenylate kinase, which converts two ADP into one ATP and AMP, causing the ATP-to-AMP conversion seen in PTEN null cell extracts. To confirm this, we took theQflowthrough fraction and subjected it to a gel-filtration column and collected the fractions eluted from the column to assay for ATP-to-AMP hydrolysis in the presence of UMP, purified recombinant ENTPD5, and the Q-30 fraction that contains CMPK1. An ATP-to-AMP activity peak centered at fractions 17 and 18 was observed (Figure 4C, top). When these factions were subjected to western blotting analysis using an antibody against adenylate kinase-1 (AK1), the detected western blotting band correlated perfectly with the activity peak (Figure 4C, bottom). The correlation was maintained with additional chromatographic steps (data not shown). We subsequently generated recombinant CMPK1 and AK1 in bacteria and purified them to homogeneity (Figure 4D, lanes 9 and 12). Purified recombinant ENTPD5 expressed in insect cells runs as a triplet on an SDS-PAGE gel that could be shifted down to a doublet after treatment by PNGase F, indicating that ENTPD-5 is glycosylated (Figure 4D, lanes 10 and 11). These purified recombinant proteins allowed us to reconstitute the ATP-to-AMP hydrolysis cycle. Only when all three enzymes and UMP were present, efficient ATP-to-AMP conversion was observed (Figure 4D, lanes 1–8). |
回复此楼» 猜你喜欢
我不理解！
已经有27人回复
-
要骂人了，新模版改版就是要淡化问题凝练这种虚的东西，结果有个评委还在说凝练得不够
已经有16人回复
-
基金系统什么内容也没有
已经有10人回复
-
科研人应该花精力去思考如何解决问题，而不是去凝练问题
已经有8人回复
-
学科评审组评审是指会评吗？
已经有5人回复
-
梦想
已经有8人回复
-
面上合作单位盖章
已经有9人回复
-
面上函评意见出来了，像什么等级？
已经有17人回复
-
为什么资助数各大高校都创新高，自己申请怎么就这么难
已经有14人回复
-
小白求助 投论文要求的highlights应该如何写
已经有4人回复
» 抢金币啦！回帖就可以得到:
-
云南大学丁军桥团队2027年博士招生
+1/810
-
【征稿中！】2026年机械、制造技术与材料国际会议 (MEMTM 2026)
+1/785
-
哈尔滨工业大学（校本部）电信学院2027级博士招生
+1/182
-
2027级博士研究生——质谱分析
+5/155
-
上海大学微电子学院杨军教授团队招收微电子/集成电路/材料/机械/微纳制造博士一名
+1/17
-
上海大学微电子学院杨军教授团队招收微电子/集成电路/材料/机械/微纳制造博士一名
+1/12
-
哈工大马樱招收2027级计算机类/集成电路类博士生
+1/10
-
2027硕士研究生推免-军事医学研究院生物技术药物代谢研究方向
+1/7
-
国防补偿计划 推免硕士生及直博生
+1/6
-
【科研诚信】武汉轻工大学何江玲3篇论文：涉嫌抄袭、成组数据重复、制造虚假显著
+1/5
-
吉林大学高压与超硬材料全国重点实验室李达教授课题组招收2027申请考核制博士
+1/4
-
科研助理招聘
+1/3
-
项目助理招聘启事
+1/2
-
北京理工大学机械与车辆学院李伟老师课题组招收2027级硕士研究生（推免生）
+1/2
-
结肠炎多维度分子解析：炎症‑免疫‑肠道屏障一体化检测策略
+1/2
-
哈尔滨工程大学动力学院赵建辉团队招收2027级博士研究生
+1/2
-
哈尔滨工程大学动力学院赵建辉团队招收2027级博士研究生
+1/1
-
哈尔滨工程大学动力学院赵建辉团队招收2027级博士研究生
+1/1
-
哈尔滨工程大学动力学院赵建辉团队招收2027级博士研究生
+1/1
-
【即将截止】东北大学理学院 力学 李健组招2027级保研
+1/1
a俺要币币！ 7楼2010-11-24 19:40:11
前世今生(金币+5):排版辛苦了！！！ 2010-11-25 14:15:51
|
等待老板中，帮楼主排个版，非中文单词数：600 Based on the facts that purified ENTPD5 is unable to hydrolyze ATP directly and the assay also contained S-100 from PTEN heterozygous MEFs, we realized that there must be more factors in the S-100, which are also required to hydrolyze ATP to AMP. These factors presented in cells regardless of their PTEN status. For example, when we added purified, recombinant ENTPD5 and UMP to the dialyzed S-100 from large-scale cultured HeLa cells, the ATP-to-AMP hydrolysis was reconstituted (Figure 4A, lanes 1–6). This observation made purification of these factors easier because HeLa cells can be grown in large quantity insuspension. To identify these factors, we fractionated HeLa cell S-100, using a Q Sepharose column, and collected both the flowthrough (Q-FL) and column-bound fractions eluted with 300 mM NaCl (Q-30). Neither fraction alone was able to hydrolyze ATP to AMP, although the Q-30 fraction, when ENTPD5 and UMP were present, hydrolyzed ATP to ADP (Figure 4A, lanes 13 and 14). When both the Q-FL and Q-30 fractions were included, the ATP-to-AMP activity was fully reconstituted (Figure 4A, lane 18). We purified the activity present in the Q-30 fraction. The activity present in the Q-30 fraction was purified by subjecting HeLa S-100 onto four sequential column chromatographic steps and finally onto a Mini Q column (Figure 4B, left). The activity was eluted from this column with a linear salt gradient from 40 to 120 mM NaCl, and fractions eluted from the column were assayed in the presence of recombinant ENTPD5, UMP, and the Q-FL fraction (Figure 4B, right-bottom). A peak of activity was observed at fractions 8–10. The same fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining, and two protein bands close to 37 and 20 kDa markers correlated perfectly with activity (Figure 4B, right-top). Both bands were identified by mass spectrometry as human UMP/CMP kinase-1 (CMPK1).The identification of UMP/CMP kinase in the Q-30 fraction shed light on why UMP is a cofactor for the ATPase activity and how ENTPD5 plus this enzyme generates ADP from ATP. In this reaction, UMP is phosphorylated into UDP by CMPK1 and ATP, generating ADP. UDP is subsequently hydrolyzed by ENTPD5 to UMP, completing the cycle with net conversion of ATP to ADP. With this knowledge, wethen made an educated guess that the third protein factor present in the Q flowthrough fraction should be an adenylate kinase, which converts two ADP into one ATP and AMP, causing the ATP-to-AMP conversion seen in PTEN null cell extracts. To confirm this, we took theQflowthrough fraction and subjected it to a gel-filtration column and collected the fractions eluted from the column to assay for ATP-to-AMP hydrolysis in the presence of UMP, purified recombinant ENTPD5, and the Q-30 fraction that contains CMPK1. An ATP-to-AMP activity peak centered at fractions 17 and 18 was observed (Figure 4C, top). When these factions were subjected to western blotting analysis using an antibody against adenylate kinase-1 (AK1), the detected western blotting band correlated perfectly with the activity peak (Figure 4C, bottom). The correlation was maintained with additional chromatographic steps (data not shown). We subsequently generated recombinant CMPK1 and AK1 in bacteria and purified them to homogeneity (Figure 4D, lanes 9 and 12). Purified recombinant ENTPD5 expressed in insect cells runs as a triplet on an SDS-PAGE gel that could be shifted down to a doublet after treatment by PNGase F, indicating that ENTPD-5 is glycosylated (Figure 4D, lanes 10 and 11). These purified recombinant proteins allowed us to reconstitute the ATP-to-AMP hydrolysis cycle. Only when all three enzymes and UMP were present, efficient ATP-to-AMP conversion was observed (Figure 4D, lanes 1–8). |
2楼2010-11-23 09:35:56
3楼2010-11-23 16:54:30
4楼2010-11-23 18:19:51
