24小时热门版块排行榜

返回列表

【奖励】本帖被评价3次，作者htj5170增加金币 2.2 个

htj5170

木虫 (正式写手)

应助: 23 (小学生)
金币: 4361.1
帖子: 730
在线: 97.8小时
虫号: 466241

[资源] 【资源】Springer 2010考古化学新书：An Introduction to Archaeological Chemistry

An Introduction to Archaeological Chemistry

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010934208
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY
10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connec-
tion with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by
similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are
not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject
to proprietary rights.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

1  Archaeological Chemistry  ........................................................................  1
1.1  Archaeological Chemistry .................................................................  2
1.2  Terms and Concepts  ...........................................................................  4
1.2.1  Matter  .....................................................................................  5
1.2.2  Organic Matter  .......................................................................  6
1.2.3  The Electromagnetic Spectrum  ..............................................  9
1.2.4  Measurement  ..........................................................................  11
1.2.5  Accuracy, Precision, and Sensitivity  ......................................  12
1.2.6  Samples, Aliquots, and Specimens  ........................................  13
1.2.7  Data, Lab Records, and Archives  ...........................................  15
1.3  A Brief History of Archaeological Chemistry  ...................................  15
1.4  Laboratories .......................................................................................  19
1.4.1  A Tour of the Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry ......  20
1.5  Summary  ............................................................................................  23
Suggested Readings  ....................................................................................  24
2  What Archaeologists Want To Know  ......................................................  25
2.1  Archaeological Cultures  .....................................................................  26
2.2  Time and Space  ..................................................................................  27
2.3  Environment  .......................................................................................  28
2.4  Technology  .........................................................................................  29
2.5  Economy  ............................................................................................  30
2.5.1  Food .......................................................................................  30
2.5.2  Shelter  ....................................................................................  31
2.5.3  Raw Material and Production ................................................  31
2.5.4  Exchange  ................................................................................  32
2.6  Organization  .......................................................................................  34
2.6.1  Social Organization  ................................................................  34
2.6.2  Political Organization ............................................................  34
2.6.3  Settlement Pattern  ..................................................................  36
2.7  Ideology .............................................................................................  38
2.8  Summary  ............................................................................................  39
3  Archaeological Materials  ..........................................................................  41
3.1  Introduction  ........................................................................................  41
3.2  Archaeological Materials  ...................................................................  41
3.3  Rock  ...................................................................................................  42
3.4  Pottery  ................................................................................................  47
3.5  Bone  ...................................................................................................  49
3.6  Sediment and Soil  ..............................................................................  51
3.7  Metals  .................................................................................................  55
3.8  Other Materials ..................................................................................  58
3.8.1  Glass  .......................................................................................  59
3.8.2  Pigments and Dyes  .................................................................  62
3.8.3  Concretes, Mortars, and Plasters  ............................................  66
3.8.4  Shell .......................................................................................  68
3.9  Summary  ............................................................................................  70
Suggested Readings  ....................................................................................  71
4  Methods of Analysis  ..................................................................................  73
4.1  Magnification  .....................................................................................  74
4.1.1  Optical Microscopes ..............................................................  75
4.1.2  Scanning Electron Microscope  ..............................................  76
4.2  Elemental Analysis ............................................................................  78
4.2.1  Spectroscopy  ..........................................................................  81
4.2.2  Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission
  Spectrometer  ..........................................................................  84
4.2.3  X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy ........................................  86
4.2.4  CN Analyzer ..........................................................................  88
4.2.5  Neutron Activation Analysis  ..................................................  89
4.3  Isotopic Analyses  ...............................................................................  90
4.3.1  Oxygen Isotopes  .....................................................................  91
4.3.2  Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes ...............................................  92
4.3.3  Strontium Isotopes  .................................................................  94
4.3.4  Mass Spectrometers  ...............................................................  98
4.4  Organic Analysis  ................................................................................  102
4.4.1  Methods of Organic Analysis ................................................  109
4.4.2  Gas/Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry ................  109
4.5  Mineral and Inorganic Compounds....................................................  115
4.5.1  Petrography  ............................................................................  116
4.5.2  X-Ray Diffraction  ..................................................................  119
4.5.3  IR Spectroscopy  .....................................................................  120
4.6  Summary  ............................................................................................  122
Suggested Readings  ....................................................................................  126
5  Identification and Authentication  ............................................................  127
5.1  What Archaeological Chemistry Can Do ..........................................  127
5.2  Identification and Authentication.......................................................  128
5.3  Identification  ......................................................................................  129
5.3.1  Starch Grains and Early Agriculture  ......................................  131
5.3.2  Pacific Plant Identification  .....................................................  132
5.3.3  Keatley Creek House Floors ..................................................  136
5.3.4  Chaco Coco  ............................................................................  139
5.4  Authentication  ....................................................................................  142
5.4.1  The Getty Museum Kouros  ....................................................  143
5.4.2  Vinland Map  ...........................................................................  147
5.4.3  Maya Crystal Skulls  ...............................................................  149
5.4.4  The Shroud of Turin  ...............................................................  151
Suggested Readings  ....................................................................................  154
6  Technology, Function, and Human Activity  ...........................................  155
6.1  Technology  .........................................................................................  156
6.1.1  The Discovery of Fire  ............................................................  157
6.1.2  Maya Blue  ..............................................................................  160
6.2  Function .............................................................................................  164
6.2.1  Microwear Analysis  ...............................................................  165
6.2.2  Danish Pottery  ........................................................................  168
6.3  Human Activity  ..................................................................................  173
6.3.1  Phosphate and Uppåkra  ..........................................................  175
6.3.2  Ritual Activities in the Templo Mayor (Mexico)  ...................  177
6.3.3  Lejre House Floor  ..................................................................  180
Suggested Readings  ....................................................................................  186
7  Environment and Diet  ...............................................................................  187
7.1  Environment  .......................................................................................  188
7.1.1  Greenland Vikings .................................................................  191
7.1.2  The Maya Collapse  ................................................................  195
7.2  Diet  .....................................................................................................  199
7.2.1  Carbon Isotopes .....................................................................  199
7.2.2  Nitrogen Isotopes  ...................................................................  202
7.2.3  Arizona Cannibals  ..................................................................  203
7.2.4  Last Danish Hunters  ...............................................................  206
7.2.5  Cape Town Slaves  ..................................................................  208
Suggested Readings  ....................................................................................  211
8  Provenience and Provenance....................................................................  213
8.1  Provenience and Provenance  ..............................................................  213
8.1.1  Ecuadorian Pottery  .................................................................  219
8.1.2  Lead Glaze on Mexican Ceramics  .........................................  221
8.1.3  European Copper in North America  ......................................  224
8.1.4  Turkish Obsidian  ....................................................................  227
8.1.5  Pinson Mounds Pottery  ..........................................................  229
8.1.6  Mexican Pyramid  ...................................................................  234
8.1.7  A Maya King  ..........................................................................  238
Suggested Readings  ....................................................................................  241

Download:

[ Last edited by htj5170 on 2010-11-20 at 10:25 ]

回复此楼