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T-MAC3808

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近年来，随着工农业的发展，越来越多的含有重金属离子的废水排入河流、湖泊等水体，使水体底泥受到重金属污染。重金属是环境中普遍存在的污染物之一，且具有毒性大、不易降解、易通过食物链富集等特点，从而危害人体健康和生态环境。重金属沉积在底泥中，在外界因素干扰下又会释放出来进入水体，造成二次污染。本文以霞湾底泥中重金属锌和铅为研究对象，测定了它们的理化性质、含量及存在形态，研究了底泥中锌和铅释放的动力学特性，并探讨了pH值及有机酸对锌和铅释放的影响，为了解底泥中重金属的释放特性及制定防治措施提供了依据。
本文采用连续提取法分析了重金属的形态，结果表明，在底泥样品中，锌和铅都是主要以铁锰氧化态的形式存在，而可交换离子态的含量均不到1%。锌各形态含量的关系为：铁锰氧化物结合态>残渣态≈碳酸盐结合态>有机硫化态>可交换离子态；铅各形态含量的关系为：铁锰氧化态≈残渣态>有机硫化态>碳酸盐结合态>可交换离子态。
本文采用静态摇瓶实验研究了底泥中重金属锌和铅释放的动力学过程及pH值、有机酸对锌和铅释放的影响。结果表明，指数方程、Elovich方程和二级反应动力学方程均可较好的描述底泥中锌、铅释放的动力学过程，对重金属释放的影响大小为：KCl>KH2PO4≈NaNO3。pH值、有机酸等对底泥中重金属释放的影响结果表明：介质pH值对底泥中锌、铅的释放有重要影响，锌、铅的释放量随pH值的降低而增加，即在酸性条件下，锌、铅更容易向环境释放，但它们因重金属和底泥类型的不同而存在较大的差异；三种低分子有机酸对供试污染底泥中锌、铅都有释放作用，对锌的释放能力大小为：柠檬酸>苹果酸>酒石酸；对铅释放能力大小为：柠檬酸>酒石酸>苹果酸；随着有机酸浓度的升高，底泥中锌、铅的释放量增大，而且释放能力为：锌>铅；同种有机酸对锌、铅的浸出能力为：1号泥<2号泥。

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1楼2010-11-14 09:31:38

已阅回复此楼关注TA 给TA发消息送TA红花 TA的回帖

petrocatal

木虫 (正式写手)

T-MAC3808(金币+40):第三段的，呵呵。不错，我再改改专业词就ok 2010-11-14 15:36:25

Recently, with the development of industry and agriculture, more and more wastewaters containing heavy metals was discharge into water bodies, such as rivers and lakes, polluting the bottom slit of water. Heavy metals is one sort of the most common pollutants in environment and a threat to human health and the environment due to the toxicity, non degradability and food chain enrichment. The secondary pollution could be introduced by the heavy metals depositing in the sediments and then releasing into the water bodies owning to the interference of external factors. In this study, the physi-chemical properties, content, existed forms of zinc and lead heavy metals in Xiawan silt was deternined and the corresponding dynamic release process was studied. In addition, the influence of pH value and organic acids on the release of two metals was investigated for the purpose of understanding the release mechanism and developing the related control measures.

In the paper, the dynamic process of zinc and lead heavy metals in silts and the influence of pH value, organic acids on release of two metals were investigated by the static flask experiment. It was shown that the sediment zinc, lead release kinetics could be well described with the exponential equation, Elovich equation and the second order kinetic equation. The capbility of different salts to leach heavy metal decreases as follows, KCl> KH2PO4 ≈ NaNO3. In addition, pH value of zinc and lead exhibited important influence on the release of two metals. The decrease of pH value is advantageous to the release process. Namely, such process could be speeded under acidic conditions and is dependent on the types of heavy metals and sediments. Three organic acids with low molecular weight were utlized to leach the Zn and Pb of two silts. The ability of three acids for leaching zinc was as follows, citric acid> malic acid> tartaric acid, while the ability to leach Pb, decrease in the order, citric acid> tartaric acid> malic acid. Furthermore, with the increase of organic acid concentration, the release amount of Zn and Pb increases and the release of Zn was superior to that of Pb. In addition, with the same organic acids, the Zn and Pb metals of the 1 #silt are easier leached than those of 2 # silt.