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wuhaofei2006
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求助！帮我翻译一下英文期刊呢！
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| The publication by Tacket and colleagues represented results from the first human Phase I clinical trail testing the immunogenicity of a bacterial antigen expressed in transgenic potato. In this study, 14 adult volunteers ingested transgenic potato or control wild-type potato. The transgenic tubers contained 3.7-15.7ug/g of LT-B. At day 28, 7 days after the third dose, a geometric mean titer of 19.1 IgA anti-LT antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) per106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected and a similar pattern of responses was observed for IgG anti-LT ASCs. Serum antibody responses were also detected in 10 out of the 11 volunteers. Eight out of the 11 who are the transgenic potatoes developed neutralization titers of more than 1：100(titer was defined as the highest serum dilution that showed complete neutralization of biological activity of 100 per gram of toxin in the Y-1 adrenal cell assay). This trail served as a proof-of-principle that humans could develop serum and mucosal immune response to antigen delivered in transgenic potato. More recently,Tacket and colleagues reported on the immunogenicity of LT-B delivered to humans in transgenic corn. In these studies, transgenic corn expression 1 mg of LT-B was fed to volunteers in three doses. The corn was formulated as defatted corn germ meal using standard commercial processing techniques. Seven out of the nine volunteers developed increases in serum IgG anti-LT and four of the volunteers also developed stool IgA. |
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wuhaofei2006 
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| In another clinical trail, 20human volunteer two or three doses of transgenic potato expressing 215-751 ug of the Norwalk virus capsid protein. Of the 20volunteers, IgA ASCs, four developed serum IgG and six developed specific stool IgA. The levels of serum antibody, however, were not high. |
2楼2006-05-29 11:17:20
wuhaofei2006
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| Worldwide infection with hepatitisB virus is peobably one of the most important causes of persistent viremia. Approximately two billion people are infection with the virus and there are approximately 300 million carriers. Despite the safety and enormous efficacy of the currently licensed recombinant yeast-derived vaccine, infection with hepatitisB continues to be a major global health problem. |
3楼2006-05-29 11:17:44
wuhaofei2006
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| Several groups have expressed the HBsAg in plant tissues. The very first report published the proof-of-concept that plants(tobacco leave) were captable of expressing a viral vaccine antigen. This was followed by the first report by Thanavala and colleagues in 1995 demonstrating the immunogenicity in mice of plant-expressed HBsAg. In these initial studies, tobacco leaf extracts were purified over sucrose gradients and fractions positive for HBsAg by an Auszyme enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) were pooled, concentrated and used toimmunize mice. The antihepatitis B serum response elicited to the tobacco-dederived recombinant(r) HBsAg was found to be qualitatively similar to that obtained by immunizing mice with yeast-derived rHBsAg. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the ability of the tobacco-derived rHBsAg to prime Tcells to respond to in vitro stimulation in an antigen-specific T-cell proliferation assay. This study thus established that the transgenic tobacco-derived rHBsAg retained the immunological properties needed to elicit both HBsAg-specific B and T-cell responses. These studies were then extended to expressing the HBsAg in transgenic potato tubers and utilizing alternative polyadeylation signals and enhancing retention of HBsAg in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
4楼2006-05-29 11:19:01
wuhaofei2006
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| Oral feeding studies of the HBsAg-expressing potato tubers, along with a mucosal adjuvant, demonstrated the ability to obtain both a primary response(peak titer～100mIU/ml) and a very strong and sustained secondary response(peak titer>3000 mIU/ml) when the immunized mice were boosted with yeast-derived recombinant HBsAg. These studies also established, for the very first time,the ability of transgenic plant vaccines to serve as an oral boost in mice that had been primed with a subimmunogenic parenteral dose of rHBsAg. Loss of requirement for a mucosal adjuvant was also demonstrated. |
5楼2006-05-29 11:19:20
wuhaofei2006
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| These findings were then extended to determine if a subunit vaccine comprised of an antigen from a nonenteric pathogen could generate a systemic immune response in humans that was predictive of disease prevention. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double –blind trail was conducted in volunteers with a history of previous parenteral immunization,1-15years earlier, with the licensed hepatitis B vaccine. From 168 volunteers who were screened, 42 subjects were enrolled in the study. The volunteers in the study received either three doses of placebo potatoed or transgenic potatoes(two or three doses). None of the volunteers who ingested nontransgenic potatoes had any change in their anti-HBs titers during the study. By contranst,63% of volunteers(10 out of 16)who consumed three doses of HbsAg-containing transgenic potatoes showed marked increases in antibody titers compared with their own day 0 titers. The highest titer elicited in the two-dose group was 863 mIU/ml. Four volunteers who consumed three doses of transgenic potatoes achieved final titers of more than 1000mIU/ml, with the highest titer at 4785 mIU/ml. Thus, an antigen from a nonenteric pathogen,when delivered orally, boosted anti-HBs titers up to 33-fold after two doses and 56-fold after three doses, with no buffering of stomach PH, nor was any mucosal adjuvant used. No correlation was observed in the individual titers at the start of the study with the maximal titers achieved at the end of the study period on day 70. |
6楼2006-05-29 11:19:42
wuhaofei2006
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| Kapusta and colleagues tested the immunogenicity of lettuce leaves expressing HBsAg in three volunteers. The volunteers had not been previously vaccinated, nor had they had a hepatitis B injection. Two of the three volunteer produced anti-HBs antibody titers of greater then 10 mIU/ml, which were detectable 2 weeks after the second immunization and were no longer detectable after the additional 2 weeks(i.e., the responses were not sustained). |
7楼2006-05-29 11:20:05
8楼2006-05-31 09:43:13