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A mesoporous material is a material containing pores with diameters between 2 and 50 nm.
Porous materials are classified into several kinds by their size. According to IUPAC notation (see J. Rouquerol et al., Pure & Appl. Chem, 66 (1994) 1739-1758), microporous materials have pore diameters of less than 2 nm and macroporous materials have pore diameters of greater than 50 nm; the mesoporous category thus lies in the middle.
Typical mesoporous materials include some kinds of silica and alumina that have similarly-sized fine mesopores. Mesoporous oxides of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, cerium and tin have also been reported. According to the IUPAC notation, a mesoporous material can be disordered or ordered in a mesostructure.
The first mesoporous material, with a long range order, was synthesized in the late 80s/ early 90s, by a research group of the former Mobil Oil Company (see Kresge et al., Nature 359 (1992) 710). Since then, research in this field has steadily grown. Notable examples of prospective applications are catalysis, sorption, gas sensing, optics, and photovoltaics.
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