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| Microbial degradation of pesticides in soil is a major route of pesticide dissipation (Ghadiri et al., 1995; Foght et al., 2001; Phillips et al., 2005). However, ¦Â-HCH and DDX in the environment are recalcitrant to biodegradate due to at least three factors. Firstly, a negative redox potential was needed for these pesticides biodegradation because of the presence of chlorine substituents on the molecule (Focht and Alexander, 1971; Yang et al., 2010); Secondly, these pesticides have low water solubility which lead to their poor bioavailability in soil (Alexander, 2000); Furtheremore, although these pesticides were widespread used in the environment for more than 50 years, no known microbes have yet evolved to use ¦Â-HCH and DDX as a sole carbon and energy source (Foght et al., 2001; Phillips et al., 2005 ). |
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