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[交流] American Institute of Physics(AIP)（美国物理所）专题

12种American Institute of Physics(AIP)的电子出版物，通过Scitation平台可浏览或检索全部数据，可在线阅览全文情况见下表。

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AIP期刊  可访问全文数据年代  网络登录要求
AIP Conference Proceedings  2000-present  国内

Applied Physics Letters  1968-present
Chaos  1991-present
Computers in Physics * 1997-1998
Computing in Science and Engineering **  1999-present
Journal of Applied Physics  1968-present
The Journal of Chemical Physics  1968-present
Journal of Mathematical Physics  1968-present
Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data  2000-present
Low Temperature Physics  1997-present
Physics of Fluids  1968-present
Physics of Plasmas  1968-present
Review of Scientific Instruments  1968-present

美国物理协会(The American Institute of Physics)

【URL】 http://www.aip.org/

【组织简介】
   The American Institute of Physics (AIP) was founded in 1931 in response to funding problems brought on by the Great Depression. At the urging of the Chemical Foundation, which provided initial funding, leaders of American physics formed a corporation for the "advancement and diffusion of knowledge of the science of physics and its application to human welfare," especially by achieving economies in the publishing of journals and the maintenance of membership lists. Broader concerns also argued for cooperation. With the advent of esoteric theory in quantum, nuclear, and relativity physics, the worlds of academic and industrial physics seemed to be drifting apart. Meanwhile the public found physics increasingly hard to comprehend, and some blamed science-based technology for the perils of modern warfare and economic collapse. Thus while the bulk of AIP's efforts would always be devoted to publishing and membership services, from the outset the Institute also worked to foster cooperation among different segments of the physics community and to improve public understanding of science.

At the time of its formal incorporation in 1932, AIP comprised five societies with a total membership of some 4,000 individuals: The American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America, the Acoustical Society of America, The Society of Rheology, and the American Association of Physics Teachers. A new set of Member Societies was added beginning in the mid 1960s: the American Crystallographic Association (1966), American Astronomical Society (1966), American Association of Physicists in Medicine (1973), American Vacuum Society (1976), and American Geophysical Union (1986). By the 1990s the total non-overlapping membership of the ten Member Societies was over 100,000. Meanwhile AIP's staff grew steadily to a peak of over 500 people in the early 1990s, then dropped back slightly.

From the outset AIP published journals on behalf of its member societies, for example, the Physical Review for The American Physical Society. It also acquired or developed scientific journals of its own in fields where no single society had a mandate, notably the region between applied and academic physics. Almost from its foundation, AIP published the Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal of Applied Physics, and The Journal of Chemical Physics; starting in the late 1950s, it added a number of others. Its most widely read publication, the general-interest magazine, Physics Today, was inaugurated in 1948. In 1955 AIP began to publish English-language translations of Russian-language physics journals, and much of this has continued despite the demise of the Soviet Union. In 1995, AIP started a new magazine, The Industrial Physicist, and began publication of the first electronic online journal in physics, Applied Physics Letters Online. All AIP journals were made available to subscri bers online that year, and starting in 1998, online document delivery was provided to non-subscribers.

From the 1960s on, AIP increasingly developed other services, from the publication of conference proceedings to computerized abstracts of journal articles. The establishment of AIP Press in 1993 marked a drive to publish a rapidly mounting variety of books, ranging from specialized monographs through handbooks to general interest works (since 1997, AIP Press books have been published and distributed by Springer-Verlag). Meanwhile the advent of intensively computerized publishing and membership services in the 1980s put an end to the long-term growth of AIP's staff. Some Member Societies began to do for themselves things previously asked of AIP, such as membership list maintenance. In the 1990s AIP found it possible to offer continuously improving services with a leaner organization.

As the AIP-owned publications grew, the revenue enabled the Institute to hire staff dedicated to broader ways of serving the Member Societies, individual physicists, and the public at large: from 1947 career placement services; from the mid 1950s programs for public relations, the compilation of educational and employment statistics, and support of physics education; from the early 1960s the Center for History of Physics including the Niels Bohr Library with collections of books, manuscripts, and audiovisual materials. Meanwhile AIP continued to foster communication and common effort among physicists of all kinds, for example through meetings of its Corporate Associates.

In 1978, AIP moved most of its publishing operations, originally located entirely in New York City, to Woodbury, NY. In mid-1999, the Woodbury Publishing Center facility was sold and AIP moved its entire publishing operation to much-needed, larger rental space in Melville, New York. Beginning in the 1980s the Institute transferred some of its education and public information operations to the Washington, DC area to keep in better touch with the Federal government as well as Member Societies. In 1993 the headquarters, magazines and other physics programs moved to the new American Center for Physics building in College Park, Maryland; publishing and some other services continue to be centered in Long Island.

General control is exercised by a 40-member Governing Board chosen by the Member Societies, apportioned according to the size of their memberships. Operations are overseen by a smaller Executive Committee of Member Society representatives, meeting with AIP's officers (ex officio). This confederate structure is almost unique among scientific organizations. The Institute has given physicists an unusual ability to coordinate their affairs and exert influence, well beyond what would otherwise be possible for a community of such modest size and great diversity.

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