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To facilitate the identification of compounds by spectroscopic or MS-related
analyses, enriched process streams may be prepared for analyses. Aqueous extracts and mother liquors can provide convenient enrichment. In some cases a solid product may be slurried in a solvent in order to leach out an impurity that has
slightly different solubility (¡°swish¡± purification ). Such enrichment eases isolation
of an impurity by preparative chromatography.
Once an impurity has been identified, conditions for forming this impurity
can be proposed.The goal is to decrease the formation of the identified impurity
by modifying the reaction conditions. If the modified reaction conditions do not
prove to decrease or eliminate the formation of this impurity, it may be wise to
further secure the structural assignment. Corroborating evidence from other analytical methods is very helpful, and if enough material is available, elemental
analysis may be revealing . Single-crystal X-ray analysis is the most definitive
structural elucidation, but the process may require considerable time and equipment. Preparing the impurity from an unambiguous route and comparing its
spectral or chromatographic behavior to that of the impurity in the reaction can
be a rapid means to secure identification.

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