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\title{Ë«Á£¾¶¿ÅÁ£»ìºÏÌåϵµÄÁÙ½çÔì¿×¼ÁÌå»ý·ÖÊýÍÆµ¼}
\author{»ùÓÚ·Ûĩұ½ð¾µäÀíÂÛ}
\date{}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section{»ù±¾Ä£ÐÍÓë¼ÙÉè}
¿¼ÂÇÓÉÁ½ÖÖ¿ÅÁ£×é³ÉµÄ»ìºÏÌåϵ£º
\begin{itemize}
\item ´ó¿ÅÁ££¨Ôì¿×¼Á£©£¬Ö±¾¶ \(d_{\text{pore}}\)£¬Ìå»ý·ÖÊý \(V_{\text{pore}}\)
\item С¿ÅÁ££¨»ùÌå·ÛÄ©£©£¬Ö±¾¶ \(d_{\text{alloy}}\)£¬Ìå»ý·ÖÊý \(V_{\text{alloy}} = 1 - V_{\text{pore}}\)
\end{itemize}
¼ÙÉ裺
\begin{enumerate}
\item Á£¾¶±È \(R = d_{\text{pore}} / d_{\text{alloy}} > 7\)--\(10\)£¬Ð¡¿ÅÁ£¿ÉÓÐЧÌî³ä´ó¿ÅÁ£¼ä϶£»
\item ´ó¿ÅÁ£ÎªËæ»ú¶Ñ»ý£¬¶Ñ»ýÃÜ¶È \(\rho_{\text{large}}\)£¬¿×϶ÂÊ \(\phi_{\text{void}} = 1 - \rho_{\text{large}}\)£»
\item С¿ÅÁ£Ìî³äЧÂÊ \(\eta\)£¨\(0 < \eta \le 1\)£©£¬¿¼ÂÇ¿ÅÁ£ÐÎ×´¡¢Á£¾¶±È¡¢»ìºÏ·½Ê½µÈÒòËØ£»
\item »ìºÏ¾ùÔÈ£¬ÎÞÆ«Îö¡£
\end{enumerate}
\section{Furnas ¶Ñ»ýÄ£ÐÍ}
Furnas£¨1931£©¸ø³öË«Á£¾¶»ìºÏÌåϵµÄ×î´ó¶Ñ»ýÃܶȣº
\begin{equation}
\rho_{\text{mix}} = \rho_{\text{large}} + (1 - \rho_{\text{large}}) \cdot \rho_{\text{small}}.
\label{eq:furnas}
\end{equation}
ÆäÖÐ \(\rho_{\text{large}}\) ºÍ \(\rho_{\text{small}}\) ·Ö±ðΪ´ó¡¢Ð¡¿ÅÁ£µ¥¶À¶Ñ»ýʱµÄÃܶȡ£¸Ã¹«Ê½³ÉÁ¢µÄÌõ¼þÕýÊÇÁ£¾¶±È×ã¹»´ó£¬Ð¡¿ÅÁ£¿ÉÍêÈ«½øÈë´ó¿ÅÁ£¼ä϶¶ø²»¸ÉÈÅ´ó¿ÅÁ£µÄ¶Ñ»ý½á¹¹¡£
¶ÔÓÚËæ»ú¶Ñ»ýµÄÇòÐοÅÁ££¬\(\rho_{\text{large}} \approx 0.64\)£¬\(\phi_{\text{void}} = 1 - 0.64 = 0.36\)£»¶ÔÓÚ×îÃܶѻý£¬\(\rho_{\text{large}} \approx 0.74\)£¬\(\phi_{\text{void}} = 0.26\)¡£²»¹æÔò¿ÅÁ£µÄ¶Ñ»ýÃܶȸüµÍ£¬¿×϶Âʸü¸ß¡£
\section{¼ä϶Ìå»ýÓëÌî³äÈÝÁ¿}
Éè»ìºÏÌåϵ×ÜÌå»ýΪ \(V_{\text{total}} = 1\)¡£´ó¿ÅÁ£ËùÕ¼Ìå»ýΪ \(V_{\text{pore}}\)£¬Æä×ÔÉí¶Ñ»ý²úÉúµÄ¼ä϶Ìå»ýΪ£º
\begin{equation}
V_{\text{void, pore}} = V_{\text{pore}} \cdot \phi_{\text{void}}.
\end{equation}
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\begin{equation}
V_{\text{fill}} = \eta \cdot V_{\text{void, pore}} = \eta \phi_{\text{void}} V_{\text{pore}}.
\label{eq:fill}
\end{equation}
Ìî³äЧÂÊ \(\eta\) µÄȡֵ·¶Î§£º
\begin{itemize}
\item ÇòÐοÅÁ£¡¢Á£¾¶±È×ã¹»´ó¡¢»ìºÏ³ä·Ö£º\(\eta \approx 0.9\);
\item ²»¹æÔò¿ÅÁ£¡¢Á£¾¶±È½Ó½üÁÙ½çÖµ£º\(\eta \approx 0.6\)--\(0.8\)¡£
\end{itemize}
\section{»ùÌåÏàÁ¬ÐøÐÔµÄÒªÇó}
ÔÚÉÕ½áºó£¬Ôì¿×¼Á±»È¥³ý£¬ÁôÏ¿×϶¡£µ«ÀäѹÉúÅ÷½×¶Î£¬»ùÌå·ÛÄ©±ØÐëÐγÉÁ¬ÐøµÄÈýÎ¬ÍøÂ磬²ÅÄܱ£Ö¤ÉúÅ÷Ç¿¶È²¢·ÀÖ¹ÉÕ½áËúÏÝ¡£ÉøÁ÷ÀíÂÛ±íÃ÷£¬¶ÔÓÚËæ»ú¶Ñ»ýµÄÇòÐοÅÁ££¬»ùÌåÏàÐγÉÁ¬ÐøÍøÂçµÄÁÙ½çÌå»ý·ÖÊýԼΪ \(p_c \approx 0.16\)£¨ÈýάÁ¬ÐøÉøÁ÷ãÐÖµ£©¡£µ«ÔÚ·ÛÄ©Ñ¹ÖÆ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÓÉÓÚĦ²ÁÁ¦ºÍ¿ÅÁ£ÖØÅŵÄÏÞÖÆ£¬Êµ¼ÊÐèÒª¸ü¸ßµÄ×ÔÓÉ»ùÌå·ÛÄ©±ÈÀý²ÅÄÜÐγÉÎȶ¨¹Ç¼Ü¡£Òò´Ë£¬¶¨Òå \(V_{\text{cont}}\) ΪÐγÉÁ¬ÐøÍøÂçËùÐèµÄ**×îС¶îÍâÌå»ý·ÖÊý**£¨Ïà¶ÔÓÚ×ÜÌå»ý£©£¬±£ÊØÈ¡ \(V_{\text{cont}} = 0.20\)¡£
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\begin{equation}
V_{\text{free}} = V_{\text{alloy}} - V_{\text{fill}} = 1 - V_{\text{pore}} - \eta \phi_{\text{void}} V_{\text{pore}} = 1 - V_{\text{pore}}(1 + \eta \phi_{\text{void}}).
\end{equation}
Á¬ÐøÐÔÌõ¼þÒªÇó£º
\begin{equation}
V_{\text{free}} > V_{\text{cont}}.
\label{eq:continuity}
\end{equation}
\section{Áٽ粻µÈʽµÄÍÆµ¼}
½«Ê½ \eqref{eq:continuity} Õ¹¿ª£º
\begin{equation}
1 - V_{\text{pore}}(1 + \eta \phi_{\text{void}}) > V_{\text{cont}}.
\end{equation}
ÕûÀíµÃ£º
\begin{equation}
1 - V_{\text{cont}} > V_{\text{pore}} (1 + \eta \phi_{\text{void}}).
\end{equation}
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\begin{equation}
V_{\text{pore}} < \frac{1 - V_{\text{cont}}}{1 + \eta \phi_{\text{void}}}.
\label{eq:critical}
\end{equation}
È¡±£ÊØÖµ \(V_{\text{cont}} = 0.20\)£¬Ôò£º
\begin{equation}
\boxed{V_{\text{pore}} < \frac{0.8}{1 + \eta \phi_{\text{void}}}}.
\label{eq:final}
\end{equation}
\section{²»Í¬¿ÅÁ£ÐÎ״ϵÄÊýÖµ½á¹û}
\subsection{ÇòÐÎÔì¿×¼Á}
\(\phi_{\text{void}} \approx 0.38\)£¨Ëæ»ú¶Ñ»ý£©£¬\(\eta \approx 0.9\)£º
\[
V_{\text{pore}} < \frac{0.8}{1 + 0.9 \times 0.38} = \frac{0.8}{1.342} \approx 0.596.
\]
ͬʱÐèÂú×ã \(V_{\text{alloy}} = 1 - V_{\text{pore}} > V_c = 0.35\)£¬¼´ \(V_{\text{pore}} < 0.65\)£¬Á½Õß×ÛºÏÈ¡ \(V_{\text{pore}} \leq 0.55\) Ϊ°²È«ÉÏÏÞ¡£
\subsection{²»¹æÔòÔì¿×¼Á£¨ÈçÁ¢·½Ì壩}
\(\phi_{\text{void}} \approx 0.45\)£¬\(\eta \approx 0.7\)£º
\[
V_{\text{pore}} < \frac{0.8}{1 + 0.7 \times 0.45} = \frac{0.8}{1.315} \approx 0.608.
\]
µ«´ËÊ±ÉøÁ÷ãÐÖµÒò²»¹æÔò¿ÅÁ£Ò×ÐγÉÍøÂç¶ø½µµÍ£¬Êµ¼ÊÈ¡ \(V_{\text{pore}} \leq 0.35\) ¸üΪ¿É¿¿¡£
\section{Á£¾¶±ÈÃô¸ÐÐÔÌÖÂÛ}
Furnas Ä£ÐͳÉÁ¢µÄǰÌáÊÇÁ£¾¶±È \(R = d_{\text{pore}} / d_{\text{alloy}} \gtrsim 7\)--\(10\)¡£Èôʵ¼Ê¹¤ÒÕÖÐÁ£¾¶±ÈСÓÚ´ËÁÙ½çÖµ£¬Ð¡¿ÅÁ£ÎÞ·¨ÍêÈ«½øÈë¼ä϶£¬»áµ¼ÖÂÌî³äЧÂÊ \(\eta\) ÏÔÖøÏ½µ£¬ÉõÖÁÆÆ»µ´ó¿ÅÁ£¹Ç¼Ü¡£´Ëʱʽ \eqref{eq:final} »á¸ß¹À \(V_{\text{pore}}\) µÄÉÏÏÞ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚÓ¦Óøò»µÈʽʱ£¬±ØÐëÊ×ÏÈÑéÖ¤Á£¾¶±ÈÊÇ·ñÂú×ãÌõ¼þ¡£Èô \(R < 7\)£¬½¨Òéͨ¹ýÒýÈëϸ·Û»ò¸Ä±ä¿ÅÁ£ÐÎ×´À´Ìá¸ß \(\eta\)£¬·ñÔòÐè´ó·ù½µµÍ \(V_{\text{pore}}\) ÒÔ±£Ö¤³ÉÐÍÐÔ¡£
\section{½áÂÛ}
±¾ÎÄ´Ó Furnas ¶Ñ»ýÄ£Ðͳö·¢£¬½áºÏÉøÁ÷ÀíÂÛ£¬ÍƵ¼³öË«Á£¾¶»ìºÏÌåϵÖб£Ö¤»ùÌå·ÛÄ©Á¬ÐøÍøÂçµÄÁٽ粻µÈʽ£º
\[
V_{\text{pore}} < \frac{0.8}{1 + \eta \phi_{\text{void}}}.
\]
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\begin{itemize}
\item Ôì¿×¼ÁÌå»ý·ÖÊý´æÔÚÃ÷È·µÄÉÏÏÞ£¨Í¨³£²»³¬¹ý 55\%--60\%£©£»
\item Ìá¸ßÌî³äЧÂÊ \(\eta\)£¨Èçϸ»¯Ôì¿×¼Á¡¢ÓÅ»¯¼¶Å䣩¿ÉÒÔÔÊÐí¸ü¸ßµÄ¿×϶ÂÊ£»
\item µ±Ôì¿×¼ÁÁ£¾¶¹ý´óµ¼Ö \(\eta\) ½µµÍʱ£¬±ØÐë´ó·ù½µµÍÔì¿×¼Áº¬Á¿ÒÔ·ÀÌ®Ëú¡£
\end{itemize}
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{furnas1931} Furnas C C. Grading Aggregates I ¨C Mathematical Relations for Beds of Broken Solids of Maximum Density. Industrial \& Engineering Chemistry, 1931, 23(9): 1052¨C1058.
\bibitem{german2014} German R M. Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials Processing. Metal Powder Industries Federation, 2014.
\bibitem{sahimi1994} Sahimi M. Applications of Percolation Theory. Taylor \& Francis, 1994.
\end{thebibliography}
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