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Journal: IEEE Access Publication Date: 2023 Volume: 11 On Page(s): 105810-105818 Print ISSN: 2169-3536 Online ISSN: 2169-3536 Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3319669 |
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A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Image Normalization and Contourlet Transform By Wu, SB (Wu, Shaobao) [1] ; Wu, ZH (Wu, Zhihua) [1] ; Huang, MX (Huang, Meixuan) [1] ; Shen, DS (Shen, Dongsheng) [2] Source Volume11Page105810-105818 DOI10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3319669 Published 2023 Indexed 2023-10-25 Document Type Article Abstract It is a challenging work to solve the geometric attack in the field of digital watermarking. In order to solve the synchronization between the host image and the watermark, image normalization is introduced. Firstly, the geometrically invariant space of image is constructed by using image normalization, and a region of interest (ROI) is obtained from the normalized image by utilizing the invariant centroid theory. Then, the contourlet transform is performed on the ROI. Low-pass sub-band coefficients are divided into non-overlapping blocks. Finally, as the energy of the blocks are not the same, an adaptive quantization step is used to embed the binary watermark information on the maximum singular value of the block. The experimental results demonstrate that the watermarked images exhibit high visual quality, and the scheme is effective against common image processing and geometric distortions. Keywords Author KeywordsImage processingDistortion measurementImage normalizationregion of interestcontourlet transformadaptive quantizationgeometric distortions Keywords PlusDCTSUBSTITUTIONALGORITHM Author Information Corresponding Address Wu, Shaobao (corresponding author) Liming Vocat Univ, Sch Informat & Elect Engn, Quanzhou 362000, Peoples R China Addresses 1 Liming Vocat Univ, Sch Informat & Elect Engn, Quanzhou 362000, Peoples R China 2 Minnan Normal Univ, Coll Comp, Zhangzhou 363000, Peoples R China E-mail Addresses shao1987.wu@gmail.com Categories/ Classification Research AreasComputer ScienceEngineeringTelecommunications Web of Science Categories Computer Science, Information SystemsEngineering, Electrical & ElectronicTelecommunications Funding Funding agency Grant number Research Project of Liming Vocational University LMTD202101 Fujian Educational Committee JAT220712 Language English Accession Number WOS:001080865300001 ISSN 2169-3536 IDS Number T9BN5 |
2楼2023-11-03 11:02:40
