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| In most of the envisaged applications, the particles perform best when the size of the nanoparticles is below a critical value, which is dependent on the material but is typically around 10¨C20 nm. Then each nanoparticle becomes a single magnetic domain and shows superparamagnetic behavior when the temperature is above the so-called blocking temperature. Such individual nanoparticles have a large constant magnetic moment and behave like a giant paramagnetic atom with a fast response to applied magnetic fields with negligible remanence (residual magnetism) and coercivity (the field required to bring the magnetization to zero). These features make superparamagnetic nanoparticles very attractive for a broad range of biomedical applications because the risk of forming agglomerates is negligible at room temperature. |
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