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¡¶Coastal and marine ecosystems Potential Effects on U.S. Resources & Global climate change¡· Contents Foreword ii Executive Summary iii I. Introduction 1 II. Effects of Global Climate Change on Coastal Systems 7 A. Predicted Changes in Environmental Factors 8 B. Effects on Aquaculture 23 C. Effects on Disease and Harmful Algal Blooms 24 D. Other Perspectives on Climate Change 25 III. Effects of Global Climate Change on Open Oceans 26 A. Effects on Ocean Productivity 26 B. Effects on Pacific Salmon 29 C. Effects on the Thermohaline ¡°Conveyor Belt¡± 30 D. Effects on Sea Ice 32 IV. Effects of Global Climate Change on Coral Reefs 33 A. Predicted Changes in Environmental Factors 33 B. Other Changes 37 V. Conclusions 39 Endnotes 42 References 43 ÏÂÔØµØÖ·http://d.namipan.com/d/4b30fb40d ... 42899c0d03d8e0a0a00 ¡¶Coastal Wetlands & Global climate change Gulf Coast Wetland Sustainability in a Changing Climate¡· Introduction The wetlands of the U.S. Gulf Coast provide services that are significant to the quality of life in the region, help sustain the national economy, and help protect life and property from climate extremes. Fisheries, recreation, and tourism have all thrived in the Gulf Coast region alongside urban development, agriculture, shipping, and the oil and gas industries. However, some regions of the Gulf Coast, such as the Mississippi River Delta and Florida Everglades, are experiencing some of the highest wetland loss rates in the U.S., largely because of engineered modifications to regional watersheds and coastal landscapes. Such modifications increase the vulnerability of these wetlands to future climate variability and change. Sustainable restoration of Gulf Coast wetlands requires planning for a more extreme future climate by returning critical water resources in the coastal landscapes to levels that existed before humans began modifying this region three centuries ago (Day et al., 2007). ÏÂÔØµØÖ· http://d.namipan.com/d/78a5226fa ... c814957f57e122a0300 http://d.namipan.com/d/4b30fb40dbc59ad69bd1864c0e52542899c0d03d8e0a0a00 |
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