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ÕâÊÇÎåÆª·Ç³£¾µäµÄ¹ØÓÚʯīϩµÄÎÄÏ×£¬¶¼ÊÇ·¢±íÓÚNATURE ,SCIENC ,NNANOÉϵģ¬ÎÒ°´ÕÕÔÓÖ¾Ãû£¬×÷Õߣ¬ÈÕÆÚ£¬±êÌ⣬ժҪÓèÒÔ¼òµ¥½éÉÜ£¬²¢¸½ÉÏÕâÎåÆªÎÄÏ×µÄÏÂÔØµØÖ·£¬Ï£ÍûÏÂÔØµÄͬÈÊÃÇÄܲ»Á߯À¼Û 1 Nature Ruoff 2006-7-20 Graphene-based composite materials Graphene sheets¡ªone-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon¡ªare predicted to have a range of unusual properties. Their thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness may rival the remarkable in-plane values for graphite (,3,000Wm21K21 and 1,060 GPa, respectively); their fracture strength should be comparable to that of carbon nanotubes for similar types of defects1¨C3; and recent studies have shown that individual graphene sheets have extraordinary electronic transport properties4¨C8. One possible route to harnessing these properties for applications would be to incorporate graphene sheets in a composite material. The manufacturing of such composites requires not only that graphene sheets be produced on a sufficient scale but that they also be incorporated, and homogeneously distributed, into various matrices. Graphite, inexpensive and available in large quantity, unfortunately does not readily exfoliate to yield individual graphene sheets. Here we present a general approach for the preparation of graphene-polymer composites via complete exfoliation of graphite9 and molecular-level dispersion of individual, chemically modified graphene sheets within polymer hosts. A polystyrene¨Cgraphene composite formed by this route exhibits a percolation threshold10 of ,0.1 volume per cent for room-temperature electrical conductivity, the lowest reported value for any carbon-based composite except for those involving carbon nanotubes11; at only 1 volume per cent, this composite has a conductivity of ,0.1 Sm21, sufficient for many electrical applications12. Our bottom-up chemical approach of tuning the graphene sheet properties provides a path to a broad new class of graphenebased materials and their use in a variety of applications. 2 Nature Ruoff 2007-7-26 Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper Free-standing paper-like or foil-like materials are an integral part of our technological society. Their uses include protective layers, chemical filters, components of electrical batteries or supercapacitors, adhesive layers, electronic or optoelectronic components, and molecular storage1. Inorganic ¡®paper-like¡¯ materials based on nanoscale components such as exfoliated vermiculite or mica platelets have been intensively studied2,3 and commercialized as protective coatings, high-temperature binders, dielectric barriers and gas-impermeable membranes4,5. Carbon-based flexible graphite foils6¨C8 composed of stacked platelets of expanded graphite have long been used9,10 in packing and gasketing applications because of their chemical resistivity against most media, superior sealability over a wide temperature range, and impermeability to fluids. The discovery of carbon nanotubes brought about bucky paper11, which displays excellent mechanical and electrical properties that make it potentially suitable for fuel cell and structural composite applications12¨C15. Here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a free-standing carbonbased membrane material made by flow-directed assembly of individual graphene oxide sheets. This new material outperforms many other paper-like materials in stiffness and strength. Its combination of macroscopic flexibility and stiffness is a result of a unique interlocking-tile arrangement of the nanoscale graphene oxide sheets. 3 Nature Nanotechnology 2009-3-29 Ruoff Chemical methods for the production of graphenes Interest in graphene centres on its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties, its very high specific surface area, and our ability to influence these properties through chemical functionalization. There are a number of methods for generating graphene and chemically modified graphene from graphite and derivatives of graphite, each with different advantages and disadvantages. Here we review the use of colloidal suspensions to produce new materials composed of graphene and chemically modified graphene. This approach is both versatile and scalable, and is adaptable to a wide variety of applications. 4 Science Geim 2009-6-19 Graphene: Status and Prospects Graphene is a wonder material with many superlatives to its name. It is the thinnest known material in the universe and the strongest ever measured. Its charge carriers exhibit giant intrinsic mobility, have zero effective mass, and can travel for micrometers without scattering at room temperature. Graphene can sustain current densities six orders of magnitude higher than that of copper, shows record thermal conductivity and stiffness, is impermeable to gases, and reconciles such conflicting qualities as brittleness and ductility. Electron transport in graphene is described by a Dirac-like equation, which allows the investigation of relativistic quantum phenomena in a benchtop experiment. This review analyzes recent trends in graphene research and applications, and attempts to identify future directions in which the field is likely to develop. 5 nature 2006-6-20 Moving towards a graphene world downloads:http://d.namipan.com/d/248a8adbc ... 52a8f51ee4c8db13b00 [ Last edited by tigger8376 on 2009-7-17 at 21:10 ] |
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