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Ionic Liquid Crystals

Liquid crystals are considered as the ¡°fourth state of matter¡±. Their properties are intermediate between that of the crystalline solid state and that of the liquid state. Liquid crystals flow like a liquid, but they are anisotropic compounds.2,3 The refractive index, the electric permittivity, the magnetic susceptibility, and the mechanical properties of a liquid crystal depend on the direction in which these quantities are measured.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Types of Mesophases
3. Mesogenic Salts with Organic Cations
3.1. Ammonium Salts
3.2. Phosphonium Salts
3.3. Imidazolium Salts
3.4. Pyridinium Salts
3.5. Viologens 4168
3.6. Pyrylium and Thiopyrylium Salts
3.7. Dithiolium Salts
3.8. Vinamidinium Salts
4. Metal Carboxylates
4.1. Alkali Metal Alkanoates
4.2. Alkali Metal Salts of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
4.3. Thallium(I) and Silver(I) Alkanoates
4.4. Metal Soaps
5. Phosphates and Phosphonates
6. Alkali-Metal Ion Complexes of Neutral Ligands
7. Ionic Metallomesogens
7.1. Complexes of Amines
7.2. Silver(I) Stilbazole Complexes
7.3. Lanthanide Complexes
7.4. Miscellaneous Metal Complexes
8. Ionic Polymer Liquid Crystals
8.1. Main-Chain Ionic Polymer Liquid Crystals
8.2. Side-Chain Ionic Polymer Liquid Crystals
8.3. Ionic Liquid Crystal Dendrimers
9. Applications of Ionic Liquid Crystals
9.1. Ion-Conductive Materials
9.2. Organized Reactions Media
9.3. Functional Nanostructured Materials from Ionic Self-Assembly
10. Conclusions and Outlook
11. References
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